Faculty Appointments
Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology at Meharry Medical College
Adjunct Associate Professor of Surgery
Education
Ph.D., Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenLicentiate Diploma, Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenM.D., Medicine, Kharkov Medical Institute, Kharkov, Ukraine
Office Address
Vanderbilt University
Department of Surgery, Colon & Rectal Surgery
D-5248 MCN
Nashville, TN
Department of Surgery, Colon & Rectal Surgery
D-5248 MCN
Nashville, TN
Research Description
The research is focused on understanding the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly on diagnostic methodologies and surgical management of ulcerative colitis (UC), specifically relating to the physiology of restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (RPC-IPAA). The current research efforts are directed towards developing strategic methodologies based on matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI MS), proteomics and recombinant single-chain antibodies to identify peptides that can provide discriminatory diagnostic tools for inflammatory colitis.
Patients with IBD are susceptible to long-term complications from the disease and medications prescribed. The available cure may require surgical removal of the entire colon; however there are complications such as pouchitis/ cufittis, dysplasia, stricture and/ or fistulae. Why these complications affect patients with IBD after RPC-IPAA differently has not been studied. There are no known preoperative predictor(s) of these complications. The ability to predict these outcomes can allow for prophylactic measures and prevention of pathologic outcomes. Thus our future studies would need to include further elucidation/ verification of the recombinant antibodies in larger patient study cohorts in order to understand the associated biomarker(s) that will be used in future endeavors to help:
• Clarify any proteomic differences of sporadic vs. colitis associated dysplasia.
• Predict future direction of indeterminate colitis (IC) into authentic UC or Crohn's colitis (CC).
• Predict CC/UC pts that are likely to develop colitis-associated colon or/and rectal cancer.
• Predict which patients with CC are likely to develop stricture and/or fistulae.
• Predict which patients with UC are likely to develop pounchitis or/ and cufittis after RPC-IPAA surgery.
• Predict which patients with UC are likely to transform and/or convert to de novo Crohn's disease after RPC-IPAA surgery.
Patients with IBD are susceptible to long-term complications from the disease and medications prescribed. The available cure may require surgical removal of the entire colon; however there are complications such as pouchitis/ cufittis, dysplasia, stricture and/ or fistulae. Why these complications affect patients with IBD after RPC-IPAA differently has not been studied. There are no known preoperative predictor(s) of these complications. The ability to predict these outcomes can allow for prophylactic measures and prevention of pathologic outcomes. Thus our future studies would need to include further elucidation/ verification of the recombinant antibodies in larger patient study cohorts in order to understand the associated biomarker(s) that will be used in future endeavors to help:
• Clarify any proteomic differences of sporadic vs. colitis associated dysplasia.
• Predict future direction of indeterminate colitis (IC) into authentic UC or Crohn's colitis (CC).
• Predict CC/UC pts that are likely to develop colitis-associated colon or/and rectal cancer.
• Predict which patients with CC are likely to develop stricture and/or fistulae.
• Predict which patients with UC are likely to develop pounchitis or/ and cufittis after RPC-IPAA surgery.
• Predict which patients with UC are likely to transform and/or convert to de novo Crohn's disease after RPC-IPAA surgery.
Clinical Description
IBD affects millions of people in the U.S. and its incidence and prevalence is increasing worldwide and has become a global emergent disease. Currently, no curative drug(s) exists for IBD, which may result in significant long-term comorbidity. IBD, which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are two highly heterogeneous chronic relapsing and remitting disorders in the GI system. North America and Canada have the highest rates of IBD in the world. Timely diagnosis is central to optimal IBD care given the association between diagnostic ambiguity, delay, and disease outcomes. Although the interval between symptom onset and gastrointestinal consultation referral by a primary care physician is by far the greatest contributor to overall time to diagnosis, delayed and/or incorrect diagnosis are common, serious unmet challenges in colonic IBD. Current methods for diagnosing colonic IBD are painstakingly inaccurate and have not changed in over 60 years. Up to 15% of IBD cases are classified as indeterminate colitis (IC) when the established criteria for UC and Crohn's colitis (CC) are non-definitive. In another 15% of IBD cases, authentic CC is not evident prior to colectomy. Therefore, a total of 30% of colonic IBD patients are not accurately diagnosed in a timely manner. Much of the diagnostic uncertainty arises from overlapping features that make CC appear like UC. Typically, intestinal wall thickening is segmental in CC but continuous in UC. UC causes inflammation and ulceration of the mucosal and, to a lesser degree, the submucosae linings of the colon and rectum. Furthermore, CC differs from UC in that it may cause inflammation deeper within the four colonic layers (transmural inflammation and skip lesions. CC also may affect other organs through fistulation. Unfortunately, during the prodromal stages of the disease, all these features are obscure in 30% of cases, confounding the treatment regimens. The standard curative surgical procedure for treating UC is pouch surgery, restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (RPC-IPAA). Crohn’s colitis is a relative contraindication to RPC-IPAA because of higher rate of pouch failure even in highly selected patient. Therefore, it is important to accurately categorize IC into authentic UC or CC using a low-risk and less-invasive screen to provide accurate diagnosis and the correct timely treatment regimens, thus improving health outcomes and quality of life, while reducing medical complications and unnecessary surgeries and health care costs.
Research Keywords
One of the greatest advances in colorectal surgery over the past three decades has been the development of RPC-IPAA for patients suffering from UC and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The development and refinement of pelvic pouch surgery now allows the entire excision of a diseased colon while maintaining transanal fecal continence. The success of RPC-IPAA is largely dependent on careful patient selection combined with meticulous surgical technique. RPC-IPAA is now the criterion surgical procedure, for patients with UC and FAP. When this procedure first became the standard of care little was known about the metabolic consequences of the operation. We began several prospective studies investigating surgical complications, function of the pouches, consequences of pouch inflammation (pouchitis), new trends for ileal reservoir construction and health related quality of life (QoL) issues. We also developed several laboratory tests to detect possible metabolic effects of RPC-IPAA (see publications). The patient's QoL and satisfaction are high and functional outcome is excellent, even after 20 years of functional pouches. The critical challenge we still face is the means to establish a correct diagnosis in IBD. An accurate diagnosis prior to initiating medical therapy or performing colectomy is of paramount importance in terms of evidence-based personalized medical therapy, surgical intervention and prognosis, as well as delineation of IBD by non-invasive, easier, accurate and faster screening.
Clinical Research Keywords
Colorectal IBD, i.e., Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's colitis, Indeterminate colitis (when state-of-the-art diagnostic criteria for either are inconclusive), Familial adenomatous polyposis, endoscopic medicine, molecular diagnostics, colonic ileal metaplasia, precision medicine, DEFA5, HD5, Hba, Hbß, MALDI MS, recombinant single-chain antibodies, physiology of the RPC-IPAA.
Publications
Thangaiyan R, Sakwe AM, Hawkins AT, Washington MK, Ballard BR, Izban MG, Chirwa SS, Hildreth JEK, Shanker A, Blum DL, M'Koma AE. Anti-DEFA5 Monoclonal Antibody Clones 1A8 and 4F5 Immunoreactive Bioassay for Diagnosing Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Res. 2024 Aug 8/29/2024; 1-25. PMID: 39257990.
Hajri TH, Gharib MG, Fungwe FT, M'Koma AE. Very low-density lipoprotein receptor mediates triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2024 May 5/24/2024; PMID: 38787383.
Breaux WA, Bragg MA, M'Koma AE. Ubiquitous Colonic Ileal Metaplasia Consistent with the Diagnosis of Crohn's Colitis among Indeterminate Colitis Cohorts. Med Res Arch. 2023 Aug 8/1/2023; 11(8): 4188. PMID: 37854669.
Johnson JC, Geesala R, Zhang K, Lin YM, M'Koma AE, Shi XZ. Smooth muscle dysfunction in the pre-inflammation site in stenotic Crohn's-like colitis: implication of mechanical stress in bowel dysfunction in gut inflammation. Front Physiol. 2023 Jul 7/14/2023; 14(14): 1215900. PMID: 37520831.
Bragg MA, Breaux WA, M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer: Translational and Transformational Risks Posed by Exogenous Free Hemoglobin Alpha Chain, A By-Product of Extravasated Erythrocyte Macrophage Erythrophagocytosis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jul 7/1/2023; 59(7): 1-19. PMID: 37476546.
M'Koma AE, Ware JN, Nabaweesi RK, Chirwa SS. Managing Pregnancy and Nursing Affecting African American Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Outcomes and Parenthood. Med Res Arch. 2023 Jun 6/1/2023; 6(11): 3784.
M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Diagnosis and Pharmaceutical Management. Med Res Arch. c2023 Jan 1/31/2023; 11(1): PMID: 37089816.
M'Koma AE. Amosy M'Koma Featured on the Cover Story of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc (WJGE). c2023 Jan 1/16/2023; 15(1): 1. PII: 1948-5190, PII: doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i1.10, ISSN: ISSN 1948-5190 (online).
Featured on the Cover Story of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2023. WJGE (World Journals-Baishideng). 2023 Jan 1/1/2023.
M'Koma AE. Methods for Diagnosing and Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nashville (United States): US Patent Bureau; 2022 Aug 8/30/2022.PII: 11427852. *Publication of US11427852B2 *Granted on 2022-08-30 *Status - Active *Adjusted expiration date - 2038-04-14.
M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment-Overview. Medicina. 2022 Apr 4/21/2022; 58(5): 567-80. PMID: 35629984.
Geesala R, Lin YM, Zhang K, M'Koma AE, Cohn S, Shi XZ. Novel Insights into the mechanism of action of exclusive enteral nutrition in Crohn's disease: Pre-clinical study in a rodent model of Crohn's-like colitis. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). c2022 Jan 1/22/2022; 28(Supplemental 1): S27-S28.
M'Koma AE, Sakwe AM. Targeted HD5 Antibody and Assay Methods for Diagnosing and Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nashville (United States): US Patent App. 16/622,269; 2021 Sep 9/9/2021.ISSN: WO2018237064A1, ISSN: United States Patent Application 20210278417.
Lin You-Min, Qiu Suimmin, M'Koma Amosy E, Powell Don W, Cohn Steven, Shi Xuan-Zheng P. Sa130 mechanical stress plays a critical role in intestinal fibrosis and smooth muscle hyperplasia in a rodent model of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2021 May 5/1/2021; 160(6): S-431.
M'Koma AE. The diagnostic potential of human alpha defensin 5 in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum. c2021 May 5/1/2021; 64(5).
Rana T, Korolkova OY, Rachakonda G, Williams AD, Hawkins AT, James SD, Sakwe AM, Hui N, Wang L, Yu C, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Offodile RS, Washington MK, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, Shi XZ, Forbes DS, Shanker A, M'Koma AE. Linking bacterial enterotoxins and alpha defensin 5 expansion in the Crohn's colitis: A new insight into the etiopathogenetic and differentiation triggers driving colonic inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2021 Mar; 16(3): e0246393. PMID: 33690604, PMCID: PMC7942995, PII: PONE-D-20-32369, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246393, ISSN: 1932-6203.
Herman AM, Hawkins AT, James SD, Ballard BR, M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease On-Line Web-Based Guide to Health Professionals and Patients in Developing and African Nations. JJGH. 2020 Mar 3/24/2020; 3(2): 1-11.
James SD, Hawkins AT, Um JW, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, M'Koma AE. The MYTHS of De novo Crohn's Disease After Restorative Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis. JJGH. 2020 Mar 3/11/2020; 3(2): 1-10.
Ballard BR, M'Koma AE. Paneth Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestive System Diseases. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. 1. Switzerland: Springer; 2019 Mar.180 p. ISBN-13: 978-3-030-11965-2.. Available from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-11965-2_9.
M'Koma AE. The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview. Gastrointest Disord. 2018 Oct 10/18/2018; 1(1): 75-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord1010007.
James SD, Hawkins AT, M'Koma AE. Adenocarcinoma at the Ileostomy Site After a Proctocolectomy for Ulcerative Colitis and/or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: An Overview. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2018 Jul 7/31/2018; 64(6): 30-40. PMID: 30059346.
Hawkins AT, Um JW, M'Koma AE. Adaptive Returns of Deficient Systemic Plasma Immunoglobulin G Levels as Rehabilitation Biomarker After Emergency Colectomy for Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Med Insights Gastroenetrol. 2017 Dec 12/13/2017; 10: 1-6. PMID: 29276421.
Williams AD, Korolkova OY, Sakwe AM, Geiger TM, James SD, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Washington MK, Smoot DT, Ballard BR, Gazouli M, M'Koma AE. Correction: Human alpha defensin 5 is a candidate biomarker to delineate inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2017 Dec 12/6/2017; PMID: 29211779.
M'Koma AE. Editorial Policies and Skills to Solving Diagnostic Delay in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gen Surg Rep. 2017 Sep 9/22/2017; 1(1): 1-2.
Williams AD, korolkova OY, Sakwe AM, Geiger TM, James SD, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Washington MK, Smoot DT, Ballard BR, Gazouli M, M'Koma AE. Human Alpha Defensin-5 is a Candidate Biomarker to Delineate Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 8/17/2017; 12(8): e0179710. PMID: 28817680.
Hawkins AT, Um JW, M'Koma AE. Adaptive Returns of Deficient Systemic Plasma Immunoglobulin G Levels as Rehabilitation Biomarker After Emergency Colectomy for Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2017; 10: 1179552217746692. PMID: 29276421, PMCID: PMC5734426, PII: 10.1177_1179552217746692, DOI: 10.1177/1179552217746692, ISSN: 1179-5522.
World Journal of Surgical Procedures. Amosy M'Koma Featured on the Cover Story of World Journal of Surgical Procedures. Pleasanton (United States): Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.; 2015 Mar 3/28/2015.1-176 p. ISSN: 2219-2832.
M'Koma AE. Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Potential Role of Molecular Biometrics. In: World Clinical Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 1. Pleasanton (United States): Baishideng Publishing Group Inc; 2015 Feb 2/8/2015.E-Book Chapter 1-1215; p. 1204-15. ISBN-13: 978-0-9914430-5-5.
Vaiopoulou A, Gazouli M, Papadopoulou A, Anagnostopoulos AK, Karamanolis G, Theodoropoulos GE, M'Koma A, Tsangaris GT.. Serum Protein Profiling of Adults And Children With Crohn's Disease. J Peduiatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015; 60(1): 42-7. PMID: 25250685.
Korolkova OY, Myers JN, Pellom ST, Wang L, M'Koma AE. Characterization of Serum Cytokine Profile in Predominantly Colonic Inflammatory Bowel Disease to Delineate Ulcerative and Crohn's Colitides. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2015; (8): 29-44. PMID: 26078592.
Ballard BR, M'Koma AE. Gastrointestinal endoscopy biopsy derived proteomic patterns predict indeterminate colitis into ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 7(7): 670-4. PMID: 26140094.
Myers JN, Schaffer MW, Korolkova OY, Williams AD, Gangula PR, M'Koma AE. Implications of the Colonic Deposition of Free Hemoglobin-a Chain: A Previously Unknown Tissue By-product in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014; 20(9): 1530-47. PMID: 25078150.
M'Koma AE. Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: Potential role of molecular biometrics. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2014; 6(11): 208-119. PMID: 25429322.
Seeley EH, Washington MK, Caprioli RM, M'Koma AE. Proteomic patterns of colonic mucosal tissues delineate Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2013 Aug; 7(7-8): 541-9. PMID: 23382084, PMCID: PMC3737405, DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200107, ISSN: 1862-8354.
Smith JC, Schaeffer MW, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, Herline AJ, Adunyah SE, M'Koma AE. Adenocarcinomas after Prophylactic Surgery for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. J Cancer Ther. 2013; 4(1): 260-70. PMID: 23875116.
M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Expanding Global Health Problem. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2013; 6: 33-47. PMID: 24833941.
M'Koma AE, Herline AJ, Adunyah SE. Subsequent Adenomas of Ileal Pouch and Anorectal Segment After Prophylactic Surgery for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. World J Colorectal Surg. 2013; 3(2): PMID: 24817992.
M'Koma AE. Letter to the Editor, Advances in Enzyme Research. Adv Enzyme Res. 2013; 1(4): 77-8. PMID: 25664328.
M'Koma AE, Herline AJ, Adunyah SE. Subsequent Adenomas of Ileal Pouch and Anorectal Segment after Prophylactic Surgery for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. World J Colorectal Surg. 2013; 3(2): PMID: 24817992, PMCID: PMC4012278, ISSN: 1941-8213.
Um JW, M'Koma AE. Dysplasie und Adenokarzinome im Ileum-Pouch nach restaurativer Proktokolektomie wegen Colitis ulcerosa. Coloproctocology. 2011; 33: 273-82. ISSN: 1615-6730, ISSN: 0174-2442.
M'Koma AE, Seeley EH, Washington MK, Schwartz DA, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ, Wise PE, Caplioli RM.. Proteomic Profiling of Mucosal and Submucosal Colonic Tissues Yields Protein Signatures that Differentiate the Inflammatory Colitides. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011; 17((4)): 875-83. PMID: 20806340.
Um JW, M'Koma AE. Pouch-related dysplasia and adenocarcinoma following restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Tech Coloproctol. 2011; 15((1)): 7-16. PMID: 21287223.
M'Koma AE, Moses HL, Adunyah SE. Inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer: proctocolectomy and mucosectomy do not necessarily eliminate pouch-related cancer incidences. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2011; 26((5)): 533-52. PMID: 21311893.
Amosy M'Koma. Biochemical Laboratory Data Following Restorative Proctocolectomy:Observations on Essential Biochemical Data Profile in Connection with Restorative Proctocolectomy in Humans. First. Berlin (Germany): Lambert Academic Publishing AG & Co.; 2010 Apr 4/10/2010.74 p. ISBN-13: 978-3-8383-2057-1, ISBN-13: ISBN-10: 3838320573.. Available from: https://www.booktopia.com.au/biochemical-laboratory-data-following-restorative-proctocolectomy-amosy-m-koma/prod9783838320571.html.
M'Koma AE, Wise PE, Schwartz DA, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ.. Prevalence and Outcome of Anemia after Restorative Proctocolectomy. Clinical Literature Review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009; 52((4)): 726-36. PMID: 19404082.
Blum DL, Koyama T, M'Koma AE, Iturregui JM, Martinez-Ferrer M, Uwamariya C, Smith Jr JA, Clark PE, Bhowmick NE. Chemokine markers predict biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer following prostatectomy. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14((23)): 7790-7. PMID: 19047106.
M'Koma AE, Wise PE, Muldoon RL, Schwartz DA, Washington MK, Herline AJ. Evolution of the restorative proctocolectomy and its effects on gastrointestinal hormones. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Oct; 22(10): 1143-63. PMID: 17576578, DOI: 10.1007/s00384-007-0331-x, ISSN: 0179-1958.
M'Koma AE, Longo WE. Postoperative liver enzyme abnormalities are related to staged restorative proctocolectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Mar; 22(3): 283-8. PMID: 16583192, DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0130-9, ISSN: 0179-1958.
M'Koma AE, Blum DL, Norris JL, Koyama T, Billheimer D, Motley S, Ghiassi M, Ferdowsi N, Bhowmick I, Chang SS, Fowke JH, Caprioli RM, Bhowmick NA. Detection of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic prostate disease by MALDI profiling of urine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007 Feb 2/16/2007; 353(3): 829-34. PMID: 17194448, PMCID: PMC2562600, PII: S0006-291X(06)02787-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.111, ISSN: 0006-291X.
M'Koma AE. Serum biochemical evaluation of patients with functional pouches ten to 20 years after restorative proctocolectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006 Oct; 21(7): 711-20. PMID: 16437210, DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0076-3, ISSN: 0179-1958.
M'Koma AE, et al. Advances and challenges in the diagnostic accuracy for surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease: Potential role of molecular biometrics. J Clin Cell Immunol. c2004 Sep 9/29/2004.
Swedish Government. Swedish Ministry of Heath. First. Stockholm (Sweden): Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer (SU 2004); 2004.240 p. ISBN-13: 91-38-22080-6.. Available from: http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/189/a/3004.
M'Koma AE. Observations On Essential Biochemical Data Profile In Connection With Restorative Proctocolectomy In Humans: Vitamin B12 and Fat Absorption Cited. First. Stockholm (Sweden): Karolinska Universiry Press; 2001 Nov 11/8/2001.126 p. ISBN-13: 91-7349-007-5.. Available from: https://openarchive.ki.se/xmlui/handle/10616/38656?locale-attribute=sv.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Observations in the blood lipid profile in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy. Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2000; 2(3): 227-35. PMID: 12678523, ISSN: 1028-5229.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. A study of plasma immunoglobulins profile in connection with restorative proctocolectomy. Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2000; 2(2): 125-31. PMID: 12678510, ISSN: 1028-5229.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels: a prospective study. Dis. Colon Rectum. 1999 Mar; 42(3): 398-402. PMID: 10223764, ISSN: 0012-3706.
M'Koma AE. Observations on biochemical data in connection with restorative proctocolectomy: an analysis with specific reference to lipoproteins and gastric acids. First. Stockholm (Sweden): Karolinsks University Press; 1999.74 p. ISBN-13: 91-7349-0091.. Available from: http://libris.kb.se/bib/2781394.
MKoma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels. A controlled prospective study. XVII Biennial Congress of the International Society of University Colon and Rectum Surgeons (ISUCRS), Malmo, Sweden. 1998; ((June 7-11)): PC173.
M'Koma AE. Editor: Jeanette de Putter. The State of Affairs in Europe (AIDS Mobility). [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1998. Available from: http://www.biblio.com/details.php?dcx=105972577&aid=frg.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on lipid metabolism. Eur Surg Res, XXXII Congress of the European Surgical Research (ESSR), Corfu, Greece. 1997; 29 suppl 1((May 18-21)): 3.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels. A controlled prospective study. Eur Surg Res, XXXII Congress of the European Surgical Research (ESSR), Corfu, Greece. 1997; 29 suppl 1((May 18-21)): 4.
MKoma AE, Lindgren S.. Migration and Health (1996). Gender and HIV/AIDS awareness in the African population of Sweden [monograph]. First. Umea (Sweden): Umea University Hospital, Department of family medicine and Karolinska Nobel Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 1996.Available from: http://www.umu.se/.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L.. Adaptive returns to normal serum electrolytes after depletion following restorative proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch anal anstomosis. A controlled, prospective study. Int J Surg Sci. 1995; ((2)): 330-4.
M'Koma AE. Institutional unawareness of immigrants competence. Swedish Daily News. 1995; ((January 21)): B16.
M'Koma AE. Follow-up results of hematology data before and after restorative proctocolectomy. Clinical outcome. Dis. Colon Rectum. 1994 Sep; 37(9): 932-7. PMID: 8076494, ISSN: 0012-3706.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Biochemical laboratory data in patients before and after restorative proctocolectomy. A study on 83 patients with a follow-up of 36 months. Ann Chir. 1994; 48(6): 525-34. PMID: 7847701, ISSN: 0003-3944.
M'Koma AE. Screening Africans in the EU borders does not prevent HIV-spread. Solution is to increase information. Swedish Daily News. 1993; ((June, 6)): A07.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Biohemical Laboratory Data in patients Undergoing Ileoanal Pouch Surgery. Annales de Chirurgie. 1992; Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, International Symposium. Versailles, France((September 18-19)): 15:26. PMID: 7847701.
Rana T, Olga OY, Rachakonda G, Williams AD, Hawkins AT, James SD, Sakwe AM, Nian N, Wang L, Yu C, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Offodile RS, Washington MK, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, Shi XZ, Forbes DS, Shanker A, M'Koma AE. Correction: Linking bacterial enterotoxins and alpha defensin 5 expansion in the Crohn's colitis: A new insight into the etiopathogenetic and differentiation triggers driving colonic inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 19(5): e0304732. PMID: 38809824.
Hajri TH, Gharib MG, Fungwe FT, M'Koma AE. Very low-density lipoprotein receptor mediates triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2024 May 5/24/2024; PMID: 38787383.
Breaux WA, Bragg MA, M'Koma AE. Ubiquitous Colonic Ileal Metaplasia Consistent with the Diagnosis of Crohn's Colitis among Indeterminate Colitis Cohorts. Med Res Arch. 2023 Aug 8/1/2023; 11(8): 4188. PMID: 37854669.
Johnson JC, Geesala R, Zhang K, Lin YM, M'Koma AE, Shi XZ. Smooth muscle dysfunction in the pre-inflammation site in stenotic Crohn's-like colitis: implication of mechanical stress in bowel dysfunction in gut inflammation. Front Physiol. 2023 Jul 7/14/2023; 14(14): 1215900. PMID: 37520831.
Bragg MA, Breaux WA, M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer: Translational and Transformational Risks Posed by Exogenous Free Hemoglobin Alpha Chain, A By-Product of Extravasated Erythrocyte Macrophage Erythrophagocytosis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jul 7/1/2023; 59(7): 1-19. PMID: 37476546.
M'Koma AE, Ware JN, Nabaweesi RK, Chirwa SS. Managing Pregnancy and Nursing Affecting African American Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Outcomes and Parenthood. Med Res Arch. 2023 Jun 6/1/2023; 6(11): 3784.
M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Diagnosis and Pharmaceutical Management. Med Res Arch. c2023 Jan 1/31/2023; 11(1): PMID: 37089816.
M'Koma AE. Amosy M'Koma Featured on the Cover Story of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc (WJGE). c2023 Jan 1/16/2023; 15(1): 1. PII: 1948-5190, PII: doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i1.10, ISSN: ISSN 1948-5190 (online).
Featured on the Cover Story of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2023. WJGE (World Journals-Baishideng). 2023 Jan 1/1/2023.
M'Koma AE. Methods for Diagnosing and Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nashville (United States): US Patent Bureau; 2022 Aug 8/30/2022.PII: 11427852. *Publication of US11427852B2 *Granted on 2022-08-30 *Status - Active *Adjusted expiration date - 2038-04-14.
M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment-Overview. Medicina. 2022 Apr 4/21/2022; 58(5): 567-80. PMID: 35629984.
Geesala R, Lin YM, Zhang K, M'Koma AE, Cohn S, Shi XZ. Novel Insights into the mechanism of action of exclusive enteral nutrition in Crohn's disease: Pre-clinical study in a rodent model of Crohn's-like colitis. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). c2022 Jan 1/22/2022; 28(Supplemental 1): S27-S28.
M'Koma AE, Sakwe AM. Targeted HD5 Antibody and Assay Methods for Diagnosing and Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nashville (United States): US Patent App. 16/622,269; 2021 Sep 9/9/2021.ISSN: WO2018237064A1, ISSN: United States Patent Application 20210278417.
Lin You-Min, Qiu Suimmin, M'Koma Amosy E, Powell Don W, Cohn Steven, Shi Xuan-Zheng P. Sa130 mechanical stress plays a critical role in intestinal fibrosis and smooth muscle hyperplasia in a rodent model of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2021 May 5/1/2021; 160(6): S-431.
M'Koma AE. The diagnostic potential of human alpha defensin 5 in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum. c2021 May 5/1/2021; 64(5).
Rana T, Korolkova OY, Rachakonda G, Williams AD, Hawkins AT, James SD, Sakwe AM, Hui N, Wang L, Yu C, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Offodile RS, Washington MK, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, Shi XZ, Forbes DS, Shanker A, M'Koma AE. Linking bacterial enterotoxins and alpha defensin 5 expansion in the Crohn's colitis: A new insight into the etiopathogenetic and differentiation triggers driving colonic inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2021 Mar; 16(3): e0246393. PMID: 33690604, PMCID: PMC7942995, PII: PONE-D-20-32369, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246393, ISSN: 1932-6203.
Herman AM, Hawkins AT, James SD, Ballard BR, M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease On-Line Web-Based Guide to Health Professionals and Patients in Developing and African Nations. JJGH. 2020 Mar 3/24/2020; 3(2): 1-11.
James SD, Hawkins AT, Um JW, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, M'Koma AE. The MYTHS of De novo Crohn's Disease After Restorative Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis. JJGH. 2020 Mar 3/11/2020; 3(2): 1-10.
Ballard BR, M'Koma AE. Paneth Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestive System Diseases. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. 1. Switzerland: Springer; 2019 Mar.180 p. ISBN-13: 978-3-030-11965-2.. Available from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-11965-2_9.
M'Koma AE. The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview. Gastrointest Disord. 2018 Oct 10/18/2018; 1(1): 75-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord1010007.
James SD, Hawkins AT, M'Koma AE. Adenocarcinoma at the Ileostomy Site After a Proctocolectomy for Ulcerative Colitis and/or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: An Overview. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2018 Jul 7/31/2018; 64(6): 30-40. PMID: 30059346.
Hawkins AT, Um JW, M'Koma AE. Adaptive Returns of Deficient Systemic Plasma Immunoglobulin G Levels as Rehabilitation Biomarker After Emergency Colectomy for Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Med Insights Gastroenetrol. 2017 Dec 12/13/2017; 10: 1-6. PMID: 29276421.
Williams AD, Korolkova OY, Sakwe AM, Geiger TM, James SD, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Washington MK, Smoot DT, Ballard BR, Gazouli M, M'Koma AE. Correction: Human alpha defensin 5 is a candidate biomarker to delineate inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2017 Dec 12/6/2017; PMID: 29211779.
M'Koma AE. Editorial Policies and Skills to Solving Diagnostic Delay in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gen Surg Rep. 2017 Sep 9/22/2017; 1(1): 1-2.
Williams AD, korolkova OY, Sakwe AM, Geiger TM, James SD, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Washington MK, Smoot DT, Ballard BR, Gazouli M, M'Koma AE. Human Alpha Defensin-5 is a Candidate Biomarker to Delineate Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 8/17/2017; 12(8): e0179710. PMID: 28817680.
Hawkins AT, Um JW, M'Koma AE. Adaptive Returns of Deficient Systemic Plasma Immunoglobulin G Levels as Rehabilitation Biomarker After Emergency Colectomy for Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2017; 10: 1179552217746692. PMID: 29276421, PMCID: PMC5734426, PII: 10.1177_1179552217746692, DOI: 10.1177/1179552217746692, ISSN: 1179-5522.
World Journal of Surgical Procedures. Amosy M'Koma Featured on the Cover Story of World Journal of Surgical Procedures. Pleasanton (United States): Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.; 2015 Mar 3/28/2015.1-176 p. ISSN: 2219-2832.
M'Koma AE. Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Potential Role of Molecular Biometrics. In: World Clinical Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 1. Pleasanton (United States): Baishideng Publishing Group Inc; 2015 Feb 2/8/2015.E-Book Chapter 1-1215; p. 1204-15. ISBN-13: 978-0-9914430-5-5.
Vaiopoulou A, Gazouli M, Papadopoulou A, Anagnostopoulos AK, Karamanolis G, Theodoropoulos GE, M'Koma A, Tsangaris GT.. Serum Protein Profiling of Adults And Children With Crohn's Disease. J Peduiatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015; 60(1): 42-7. PMID: 25250685.
Korolkova OY, Myers JN, Pellom ST, Wang L, M'Koma AE. Characterization of Serum Cytokine Profile in Predominantly Colonic Inflammatory Bowel Disease to Delineate Ulcerative and Crohn's Colitides. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2015; (8): 29-44. PMID: 26078592.
Ballard BR, M'Koma AE. Gastrointestinal endoscopy biopsy derived proteomic patterns predict indeterminate colitis into ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 7(7): 670-4. PMID: 26140094.
Myers JN, Schaffer MW, Korolkova OY, Williams AD, Gangula PR, M'Koma AE. Implications of the Colonic Deposition of Free Hemoglobin-a Chain: A Previously Unknown Tissue By-product in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014; 20(9): 1530-47. PMID: 25078150.
M'Koma AE. Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: Potential role of molecular biometrics. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2014; 6(11): 208-119. PMID: 25429322.
Seeley EH, Washington MK, Caprioli RM, M'Koma AE. Proteomic patterns of colonic mucosal tissues delineate Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2013 Aug; 7(7-8): 541-9. PMID: 23382084, PMCID: PMC3737405, DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200107, ISSN: 1862-8354.
Smith JC, Schaeffer MW, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, Herline AJ, Adunyah SE, M'Koma AE. Adenocarcinomas after Prophylactic Surgery for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. J Cancer Ther. 2013; 4(1): 260-70. PMID: 23875116.
M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Expanding Global Health Problem. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2013; 6: 33-47. PMID: 24833941.
M'Koma AE, Herline AJ, Adunyah SE. Subsequent Adenomas of Ileal Pouch and Anorectal Segment After Prophylactic Surgery for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. World J Colorectal Surg. 2013; 3(2): PMID: 24817992.
M'Koma AE. Letter to the Editor, Advances in Enzyme Research. Adv Enzyme Res. 2013; 1(4): 77-8. PMID: 25664328.
M'Koma AE, Herline AJ, Adunyah SE. Subsequent Adenomas of Ileal Pouch and Anorectal Segment after Prophylactic Surgery for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. World J Colorectal Surg. 2013; 3(2): PMID: 24817992, PMCID: PMC4012278, ISSN: 1941-8213.
Um JW, M'Koma AE. Dysplasie und Adenokarzinome im Ileum-Pouch nach restaurativer Proktokolektomie wegen Colitis ulcerosa. Coloproctocology. 2011; 33: 273-82. ISSN: 1615-6730, ISSN: 0174-2442.
M'Koma AE, Seeley EH, Washington MK, Schwartz DA, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ, Wise PE, Caplioli RM.. Proteomic Profiling of Mucosal and Submucosal Colonic Tissues Yields Protein Signatures that Differentiate the Inflammatory Colitides. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011; 17((4)): 875-83. PMID: 20806340.
Um JW, M'Koma AE. Pouch-related dysplasia and adenocarcinoma following restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Tech Coloproctol. 2011; 15((1)): 7-16. PMID: 21287223.
M'Koma AE, Moses HL, Adunyah SE. Inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer: proctocolectomy and mucosectomy do not necessarily eliminate pouch-related cancer incidences. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2011; 26((5)): 533-52. PMID: 21311893.
Amosy M'Koma. Biochemical Laboratory Data Following Restorative Proctocolectomy:Observations on Essential Biochemical Data Profile in Connection with Restorative Proctocolectomy in Humans. First. Berlin (Germany): Lambert Academic Publishing AG & Co.; 2010 Apr 4/10/2010.74 p. ISBN-13: 978-3-8383-2057-1, ISBN-13: ISBN-10: 3838320573.. Available from: https://www.booktopia.com.au/biochemical-laboratory-data-following-restorative-proctocolectomy-amosy-m-koma/prod9783838320571.html.
M'Koma AE, Wise PE, Schwartz DA, Muldoon RL, Herline AJ.. Prevalence and Outcome of Anemia after Restorative Proctocolectomy. Clinical Literature Review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009; 52((4)): 726-36. PMID: 19404082.
Blum DL, Koyama T, M'Koma AE, Iturregui JM, Martinez-Ferrer M, Uwamariya C, Smith Jr JA, Clark PE, Bhowmick NE. Chemokine markers predict biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer following prostatectomy. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14((23)): 7790-7. PMID: 19047106.
M'Koma AE, Wise PE, Muldoon RL, Schwartz DA, Washington MK, Herline AJ. Evolution of the restorative proctocolectomy and its effects on gastrointestinal hormones. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Oct; 22(10): 1143-63. PMID: 17576578, DOI: 10.1007/s00384-007-0331-x, ISSN: 0179-1958.
M'Koma AE, Longo WE. Postoperative liver enzyme abnormalities are related to staged restorative proctocolectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Mar; 22(3): 283-8. PMID: 16583192, DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0130-9, ISSN: 0179-1958.
M'Koma AE, Blum DL, Norris JL, Koyama T, Billheimer D, Motley S, Ghiassi M, Ferdowsi N, Bhowmick I, Chang SS, Fowke JH, Caprioli RM, Bhowmick NA. Detection of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic prostate disease by MALDI profiling of urine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007 Feb 2/16/2007; 353(3): 829-34. PMID: 17194448, PMCID: PMC2562600, PII: S0006-291X(06)02787-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.111, ISSN: 0006-291X.
M'Koma AE. Serum biochemical evaluation of patients with functional pouches ten to 20 years after restorative proctocolectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006 Oct; 21(7): 711-20. PMID: 16437210, DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0076-3, ISSN: 0179-1958.
M'Koma AE, et al. Advances and challenges in the diagnostic accuracy for surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease: Potential role of molecular biometrics. J Clin Cell Immunol. c2004 Sep 9/29/2004.
Swedish Government. Swedish Ministry of Heath. First. Stockholm (Sweden): Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer (SU 2004); 2004.240 p. ISBN-13: 91-38-22080-6.. Available from: http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/189/a/3004.
M'Koma AE. Observations On Essential Biochemical Data Profile In Connection With Restorative Proctocolectomy In Humans: Vitamin B12 and Fat Absorption Cited. First. Stockholm (Sweden): Karolinska Universiry Press; 2001 Nov 11/8/2001.126 p. ISBN-13: 91-7349-007-5.. Available from: https://openarchive.ki.se/xmlui/handle/10616/38656?locale-attribute=sv.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Observations in the blood lipid profile in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy. Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2000; 2(3): 227-35. PMID: 12678523, ISSN: 1028-5229.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. A study of plasma immunoglobulins profile in connection with restorative proctocolectomy. Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2000; 2(2): 125-31. PMID: 12678510, ISSN: 1028-5229.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels: a prospective study. Dis. Colon Rectum. 1999 Mar; 42(3): 398-402. PMID: 10223764, ISSN: 0012-3706.
M'Koma AE. Observations on biochemical data in connection with restorative proctocolectomy: an analysis with specific reference to lipoproteins and gastric acids. First. Stockholm (Sweden): Karolinsks University Press; 1999.74 p. ISBN-13: 91-7349-0091.. Available from: http://libris.kb.se/bib/2781394.
MKoma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels. A controlled prospective study. XVII Biennial Congress of the International Society of University Colon and Rectum Surgeons (ISUCRS), Malmo, Sweden. 1998; ((June 7-11)): PC173.
M'Koma AE. Editor: Jeanette de Putter. The State of Affairs in Europe (AIDS Mobility). [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1998. Available from: http://www.biblio.com/details.php?dcx=105972577&aid=frg.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on lipid metabolism. Eur Surg Res, XXXII Congress of the European Surgical Research (ESSR), Corfu, Greece. 1997; 29 suppl 1((May 18-21)): 3.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Effect of restorative proctocolectomy on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels. A controlled prospective study. Eur Surg Res, XXXII Congress of the European Surgical Research (ESSR), Corfu, Greece. 1997; 29 suppl 1((May 18-21)): 4.
MKoma AE, Lindgren S.. Migration and Health (1996). Gender and HIV/AIDS awareness in the African population of Sweden [monograph]. First. Umea (Sweden): Umea University Hospital, Department of family medicine and Karolinska Nobel Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 1996.Available from: http://www.umu.se/.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L.. Adaptive returns to normal serum electrolytes after depletion following restorative proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch anal anstomosis. A controlled, prospective study. Int J Surg Sci. 1995; ((2)): 330-4.
M'Koma AE. Institutional unawareness of immigrants competence. Swedish Daily News. 1995; ((January 21)): B16.
M'Koma AE. Follow-up results of hematology data before and after restorative proctocolectomy. Clinical outcome. Dis. Colon Rectum. 1994 Sep; 37(9): 932-7. PMID: 8076494, ISSN: 0012-3706.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Biochemical laboratory data in patients before and after restorative proctocolectomy. A study on 83 patients with a follow-up of 36 months. Ann Chir. 1994; 48(6): 525-34. PMID: 7847701, ISSN: 0003-3944.
M'Koma AE. Screening Africans in the EU borders does not prevent HIV-spread. Solution is to increase information. Swedish Daily News. 1993; ((June, 6)): A07.
M'Koma AE, Lindquist K, Liljeqvist L. Biohemical Laboratory Data in patients Undergoing Ileoanal Pouch Surgery. Annales de Chirurgie. 1992; Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, International Symposium. Versailles, France((September 18-19)): 15:26. PMID: 7847701.
Rana T, Olga OY, Rachakonda G, Williams AD, Hawkins AT, James SD, Sakwe AM, Nian N, Wang L, Yu C, Goodwin JS, Izban MG, Offodile RS, Washington MK, Ballard BR, Smoot DT, Shi XZ, Forbes DS, Shanker A, M'Koma AE. Correction: Linking bacterial enterotoxins and alpha defensin 5 expansion in the Crohn's colitis: A new insight into the etiopathogenetic and differentiation triggers driving colonic inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 19(5): e0304732. PMID: 38809824.