Faculty Appointments
Research Professor of Medicine
Research Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Education
Psy.D., Clinical Psychology, Biola University, La Mirada, CaliforniaM.A., Clinical Psychology, Biola University, La Mirada, CaliforniaM.A., Clinical Psychology, Georgia Professional School of Psychology, Atlanta, GeorgiaB.S., Philosophy/Psychology/Religion, Liberty University , Lynchburg, Virginia
Office Address
T- 1217 MCN
TN 2650
TN 2650
Publications
Jackson JC, Santoro MJ, Ely TM, Boehm L, Kiehl AL, Anderson LS, Ely EW. Improving patient care through the prism of psychology: application of Maslow's hierarchy to sedation, delirium, and early mobility in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2014 Jun; 29(3): 438-44. PMID: 24636724, PII: S0883-9441(14)00037-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.01.009, ISSN: 1557-8615.
Brummel NE, Girard TD, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Morandi A, Hughes CG, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Murphy E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Dittus RS, Jackson JC. Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients: the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2014 Mar; 40(3): 370-9. PMID: 24257969, PMCID: PMC3943568, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-3136-0, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus RS, Gill TM, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Feb; 42(2): 369-77. PMID: 24158172, PMCID: PMC3947028, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a645bd, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Morandi A, Thompson JL, Pun BT, Brummel NE, Hughes CG, Vasilevskis EE, Shintani AK, Moons KG, Geevarghese SK, Canonico A, Hopkins RO, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013 Oct 10/3/2013; 369(14): 1306-16. PMID: 24088092, PMCID: PMC3922401, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301372, ISSN: 1533-4406.
Jackson JC, Ely EW. Cognitive impairment after critical illness: etiologies, risk factors, and future directions. Semin Respir Crit Care Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Apr; 34(2): 216-22. PMID: 23716312, DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1342984, ISSN: 1098-9048.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Schiro E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Ely EW. A combined early cognitive and physical rehabilitation program for people who are critically ill: the activity and cognitive therapy in the intensive care unit (ACT-ICU) trial. Phys Ther [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 92(12): 1580-92. PMID: 22577067, PMCID: PMC3513484, PII: ptj.20110414, DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20110414, ISSN: 1538-6724.
Speroff T, Sinnott PL, Marx B, Owen RR, Jackson JC, Greevy R, Sayer N, Murdoch M, Shane AC, Smith J, Alvarez J, Nwosu SK, Keane T, Weathers F, Schnurr PP, Friedman MJ. Impact of evidence-based standardized assessment on the disability clinical interview for diagnosis of service-connected PTSD: a cluster-randomized trial. J Trauma Stress. 2012 Dec; 25(6): 607-15. PMID: 23225029, DOI: 10.1002/jts.21759, ISSN: 1573-6598.
Girard TD, Ware LB, Bernard GR, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Associations of markers of inflammation and coagulation with delirium during critical illness. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 38(12): 1965-73. PMID: 22903241, PMCID: PMC3606929, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2678-x, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Gunther ML, Morandi A, Krauskopf E, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Merkle K, Cannistraci CJ, Rogers BP, Gatenby JC, Heckers S, Gore JC, Hopkins RO, Ely EW, . The association between brain volumes, delirium duration, and cognitive outcomes in intensive care unit survivors: the VISIONS cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2022-32. PMID: 22710202, PMCID: PMC3697780, PII: 00003246-201207000-00003, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acc0, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Rogers BP, Gunther ML, Merkle K, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Cannistraci CJ, Gore JC, Ely EW, Hopkins RO, . The relationship between delirium duration, white matter integrity, and cognitive impairment in intensive care unit survivors as determined by diffusion tensor imaging: the VISIONS prospective cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2182-9. PMID: 22584766, PMCID: PMC3378755, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acdc, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Jackson JC, Ely EW, Morey MC, Anderson VM, Denne LB, Clune J, Siebert CS, Archer KR, Torres R, Janz D, Schiro E, Jones J, Shintani AK, Levine B, Pun BT, Thompson J, Brummel NE, Hoenig H. Cognitive and physical rehabilitation of intensive care unit survivors: results of the RETURN randomized controlled pilot investigation. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Apr; 40(4): 1088-97. PMID: 22080631, PMCID: PMC3755871, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182373115, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Richards JE, Guillamondegui OD, Archer KR, Jackson JC, Ely EW, Obremskey WT. The association of reamed intramedullary nailing and long-term cognitive impairment. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Dec; 25(12): 707-13. PMID: 22089759, PMCID: PMC3912993, PII: 00005131-201112000-00001, DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318225f358, ISSN: 1531-2291.
Jackson JC, Mitchell N, Hopkins RO. Cognitive functioning, mental health, and quality of life in ICU survivors: an overview. Anesthesiol Clin. 2011 Dec; 29(4): 751-64. PMID: 22078921, PII: S1932-2275(11)00087-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2011.09.012, ISSN: 1932-2275.
Vasilevskis EE, Morandi A, Boehm L, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani A, Gordon SM, Pun BT, Ely EW. Delirium and sedation recognition using validated instruments: reliability of bedside intensive care unit nursing assessments from 2007 to 2010. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Nov; 59 Suppl 2: S249-55. PMID: 22091569, PMCID: PMC3233973, DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03673.x, ISSN: 1532-5415.
Morandi A, Jackson JC. Delirium in the intensive care unit: a review. Neurol Clin. 2011 Nov; 29(4): 749-63. PMID: 22032658, PII: S0733-8619(11)00076-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.08.004, ISSN: 1557-9875.
Jackson JC, Sinnott PL, Marx BP, Murdoch M, Sayer NA, Alvarez JM, Greevy RA, Schnurr PP, Friedman MJ, Shane AC, Owen RR, Keane TM, Speroff T. Variation in practices and attitudes of clinicians assessing PTSD-related disability among veterans. J Trauma Stress [print-electronic]. 2011 Oct; 24(5): 609-13. PMID: 21913226, DOI: 10.1002/jts.20688, ISSN: 1573-6598.
Jackson JC, Archer KR, Bauer R, Abraham CM, Song Y, Greevey R, Guillamondegui O, Ely EW, Obremskey W. A prospective investigation of long-term cognitive impairment and psychological distress in moderately versus severely injured trauma intensive care unit survivors without intracranial hemorrhage. J Trauma. 2011 Oct; 71(4): 860-6. PMID: 21537211, DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182151961, ISSN: 1529-8809.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Pandharipande PP, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Girard TD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and delirium in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary investigation. Int Psychogeriatr [print-electronic]. 2011 Sep; 23(7): 1175-81. PMID: 21294938, PMCID: PMC3654518, PII: S1041610210002486, DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210002486, ISSN: 1741-203X.
Han JH, Bryce SN, Ely EW, Kripalani S, Morandi A, Shintani A, Jackson JC, Storrow AB, Dittus RS, Schnelle J. The effect of cognitive impairment on the accuracy of the presenting complaint and discharge instruction comprehension in older emergency department patients. Ann Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2011 Jun; 57(6): 662-671.e2. PMID: 21272958, PMCID: PMC3603343, PII: S0196-0644(10)01834-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.12.002, ISSN: 1097-6760.
Guillamondegui OD, Richards JE, Ely EW, Jackson JC, Archer KR, Norris PR, Obremskey WT. Does hypoxia affect intensive care unit delirium or long-term cognitive impairment after multiple trauma without intracranial hemorrhage?. J Trauma. 2011 Apr; 70(4): 910-5. PMID: 21610396, PII: 00005373-201104000-00023, DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182114f18, ISSN: 1529-8809.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Vasilevskis EE, Girard TD, Hopkins RO, Jackson JC, Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Neuroimaging in delirious intensive care unit patients: a preliminary case series report. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010 Sep; 7(9): 28-33. PMID: 20941349, PMCID: PMC2952644, ISSN: 1555-5194.
Janz DR, Abel TW, Jackson JC, Gunther ML, Heckers S, Ely EW. Brain autopsy findings in intensive care unit patients previously suffering from delirium: a pilot study. J Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2010 Sep; 25(3): 538.e7-12. PMID: 20580199, PMCID: PMC3755870, PII: S0883-9441(10)00126-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.05.004, ISSN: 1557-8615.
Jackson JC, Girard TD, Gordon SM, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Thomason JW, Pun BT, Canonico AE, Dunn JG, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Long-term cognitive and psychological outcomes in the awakening and breathing controlled trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med [print-electronic]. 2010 Jul 7/15/2010; 182(2): 183-91. PMID: 20299535, PMCID: PMC2913233, PII: 200903-0442OC, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0442OC, ISSN: 1535-4970.
Girard TD, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Gordon SM, Canonico AE, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Jul; 38(7): 1513-20. PMID: 20473145, PMCID: PMC3638813, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47be1, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Jackson JC, Hopkins RO, Miller RR, Gordon SM, Wheeler AP, Ely EW. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and cognitive decline: a review and case study. South. Med. J. 2009 Nov; 102(11): 1150-7. PMID: 19864995, PMCID: PMC3776422, DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b6a592, ISSN: 1541-8243.
Jackson JC, Mitchell N, Hopkins RO. Cognitive functioning, mental health, and quality of life in ICU survivors: an overview. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul; 25(3): 615-28, x. PMID: 19576534, PII: S0749-0704(09)00039-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.04.005, ISSN: 1557-8232.
Morandi A, Jackson JC, Ely EW. Delirium in the intensive care unit. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2009 Feb; 21(1): 43-58. PMID: 19219712, PII: 908702882, DOI: 10.1080/09540260802675296, ISSN: 1369-1627.
Brummel NE, Girard TD, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Morandi A, Hughes CG, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Murphy E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Dittus RS, Jackson JC. Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients: the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2014 Mar; 40(3): 370-9. PMID: 24257969, PMCID: PMC3943568, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-3136-0, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus RS, Gill TM, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Feb; 42(2): 369-77. PMID: 24158172, PMCID: PMC3947028, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a645bd, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Morandi A, Thompson JL, Pun BT, Brummel NE, Hughes CG, Vasilevskis EE, Shintani AK, Moons KG, Geevarghese SK, Canonico A, Hopkins RO, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013 Oct 10/3/2013; 369(14): 1306-16. PMID: 24088092, PMCID: PMC3922401, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301372, ISSN: 1533-4406.
Jackson JC, Ely EW. Cognitive impairment after critical illness: etiologies, risk factors, and future directions. Semin Respir Crit Care Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Apr; 34(2): 216-22. PMID: 23716312, DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1342984, ISSN: 1098-9048.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Schiro E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Ely EW. A combined early cognitive and physical rehabilitation program for people who are critically ill: the activity and cognitive therapy in the intensive care unit (ACT-ICU) trial. Phys Ther [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 92(12): 1580-92. PMID: 22577067, PMCID: PMC3513484, PII: ptj.20110414, DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20110414, ISSN: 1538-6724.
Speroff T, Sinnott PL, Marx B, Owen RR, Jackson JC, Greevy R, Sayer N, Murdoch M, Shane AC, Smith J, Alvarez J, Nwosu SK, Keane T, Weathers F, Schnurr PP, Friedman MJ. Impact of evidence-based standardized assessment on the disability clinical interview for diagnosis of service-connected PTSD: a cluster-randomized trial. J Trauma Stress. 2012 Dec; 25(6): 607-15. PMID: 23225029, DOI: 10.1002/jts.21759, ISSN: 1573-6598.
Girard TD, Ware LB, Bernard GR, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Associations of markers of inflammation and coagulation with delirium during critical illness. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 38(12): 1965-73. PMID: 22903241, PMCID: PMC3606929, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2678-x, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Gunther ML, Morandi A, Krauskopf E, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Merkle K, Cannistraci CJ, Rogers BP, Gatenby JC, Heckers S, Gore JC, Hopkins RO, Ely EW, . The association between brain volumes, delirium duration, and cognitive outcomes in intensive care unit survivors: the VISIONS cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2022-32. PMID: 22710202, PMCID: PMC3697780, PII: 00003246-201207000-00003, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acc0, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Rogers BP, Gunther ML, Merkle K, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Cannistraci CJ, Gore JC, Ely EW, Hopkins RO, . The relationship between delirium duration, white matter integrity, and cognitive impairment in intensive care unit survivors as determined by diffusion tensor imaging: the VISIONS prospective cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2182-9. PMID: 22584766, PMCID: PMC3378755, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acdc, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Jackson JC, Ely EW, Morey MC, Anderson VM, Denne LB, Clune J, Siebert CS, Archer KR, Torres R, Janz D, Schiro E, Jones J, Shintani AK, Levine B, Pun BT, Thompson J, Brummel NE, Hoenig H. Cognitive and physical rehabilitation of intensive care unit survivors: results of the RETURN randomized controlled pilot investigation. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Apr; 40(4): 1088-97. PMID: 22080631, PMCID: PMC3755871, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182373115, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Richards JE, Guillamondegui OD, Archer KR, Jackson JC, Ely EW, Obremskey WT. The association of reamed intramedullary nailing and long-term cognitive impairment. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Dec; 25(12): 707-13. PMID: 22089759, PMCID: PMC3912993, PII: 00005131-201112000-00001, DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318225f358, ISSN: 1531-2291.
Jackson JC, Mitchell N, Hopkins RO. Cognitive functioning, mental health, and quality of life in ICU survivors: an overview. Anesthesiol Clin. 2011 Dec; 29(4): 751-64. PMID: 22078921, PII: S1932-2275(11)00087-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2011.09.012, ISSN: 1932-2275.
Vasilevskis EE, Morandi A, Boehm L, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani A, Gordon SM, Pun BT, Ely EW. Delirium and sedation recognition using validated instruments: reliability of bedside intensive care unit nursing assessments from 2007 to 2010. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Nov; 59 Suppl 2: S249-55. PMID: 22091569, PMCID: PMC3233973, DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03673.x, ISSN: 1532-5415.
Morandi A, Jackson JC. Delirium in the intensive care unit: a review. Neurol Clin. 2011 Nov; 29(4): 749-63. PMID: 22032658, PII: S0733-8619(11)00076-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.08.004, ISSN: 1557-9875.
Jackson JC, Sinnott PL, Marx BP, Murdoch M, Sayer NA, Alvarez JM, Greevy RA, Schnurr PP, Friedman MJ, Shane AC, Owen RR, Keane TM, Speroff T. Variation in practices and attitudes of clinicians assessing PTSD-related disability among veterans. J Trauma Stress [print-electronic]. 2011 Oct; 24(5): 609-13. PMID: 21913226, DOI: 10.1002/jts.20688, ISSN: 1573-6598.
Jackson JC, Archer KR, Bauer R, Abraham CM, Song Y, Greevey R, Guillamondegui O, Ely EW, Obremskey W. A prospective investigation of long-term cognitive impairment and psychological distress in moderately versus severely injured trauma intensive care unit survivors without intracranial hemorrhage. J Trauma. 2011 Oct; 71(4): 860-6. PMID: 21537211, DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182151961, ISSN: 1529-8809.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Pandharipande PP, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Girard TD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and delirium in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary investigation. Int Psychogeriatr [print-electronic]. 2011 Sep; 23(7): 1175-81. PMID: 21294938, PMCID: PMC3654518, PII: S1041610210002486, DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210002486, ISSN: 1741-203X.
Han JH, Bryce SN, Ely EW, Kripalani S, Morandi A, Shintani A, Jackson JC, Storrow AB, Dittus RS, Schnelle J. The effect of cognitive impairment on the accuracy of the presenting complaint and discharge instruction comprehension in older emergency department patients. Ann Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2011 Jun; 57(6): 662-671.e2. PMID: 21272958, PMCID: PMC3603343, PII: S0196-0644(10)01834-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.12.002, ISSN: 1097-6760.
Guillamondegui OD, Richards JE, Ely EW, Jackson JC, Archer KR, Norris PR, Obremskey WT. Does hypoxia affect intensive care unit delirium or long-term cognitive impairment after multiple trauma without intracranial hemorrhage?. J Trauma. 2011 Apr; 70(4): 910-5. PMID: 21610396, PII: 00005373-201104000-00023, DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182114f18, ISSN: 1529-8809.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Vasilevskis EE, Girard TD, Hopkins RO, Jackson JC, Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Neuroimaging in delirious intensive care unit patients: a preliminary case series report. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010 Sep; 7(9): 28-33. PMID: 20941349, PMCID: PMC2952644, ISSN: 1555-5194.
Janz DR, Abel TW, Jackson JC, Gunther ML, Heckers S, Ely EW. Brain autopsy findings in intensive care unit patients previously suffering from delirium: a pilot study. J Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2010 Sep; 25(3): 538.e7-12. PMID: 20580199, PMCID: PMC3755870, PII: S0883-9441(10)00126-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.05.004, ISSN: 1557-8615.
Jackson JC, Girard TD, Gordon SM, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Thomason JW, Pun BT, Canonico AE, Dunn JG, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Long-term cognitive and psychological outcomes in the awakening and breathing controlled trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med [print-electronic]. 2010 Jul 7/15/2010; 182(2): 183-91. PMID: 20299535, PMCID: PMC2913233, PII: 200903-0442OC, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0442OC, ISSN: 1535-4970.
Girard TD, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Gordon SM, Canonico AE, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Jul; 38(7): 1513-20. PMID: 20473145, PMCID: PMC3638813, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47be1, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Jackson JC, Hopkins RO, Miller RR, Gordon SM, Wheeler AP, Ely EW. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and cognitive decline: a review and case study. South. Med. J. 2009 Nov; 102(11): 1150-7. PMID: 19864995, PMCID: PMC3776422, DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b6a592, ISSN: 1541-8243.
Jackson JC, Mitchell N, Hopkins RO. Cognitive functioning, mental health, and quality of life in ICU survivors: an overview. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul; 25(3): 615-28, x. PMID: 19576534, PII: S0749-0704(09)00039-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.04.005, ISSN: 1557-8232.
Morandi A, Jackson JC, Ely EW. Delirium in the intensive care unit. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2009 Feb; 21(1): 43-58. PMID: 19219712, PII: 908702882, DOI: 10.1080/09540260802675296, ISSN: 1369-1627.