Alfredo Gamboa, M.D.

Research Associate Professor

alfredo.gamboa@vanderbilt.edu

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Faculty Appointments
Research Associate Professor of Medicine
Education
M.S.C.I., Clinical Investigation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TennesseeM.D., Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruB.S., Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Office Address
556A RRB
Nashville, TN 37232
Research Description
My research focuses on the interactions between the autonomic nervous system and nitric oxide in the regulation of blood pressure, in normal physiology and disease states. In particular, the impact of increased sympathetic activity on impaired nitric oxide function as seen in obesity associated hypertension.

Our group is interested in understanding the role of the interactions between neural and local mechanisms that regulate blood pressure.

We run a complete autonomic laboratory that includes autonomic reflex testing, tilt table testing, microneurography (direct recording of sympathetic traffic), measurement of plasma catecholamines and metabolites, ganglionic blockade to induce transient autonomic failure, and estimation of norepinephrine spillover.

We also perform physiological and pharmacological tests using different techniques that includes determination of peak oxygen consumption, measurement of cardiac output by the re-breathing method and the the perfused forearm technique to asses endothelial function
Research Keywords
Nitric Oxide, Autonomic Nervous System, Exercise Physiology, High Altitude, Hypoxia
Publications
Smith EC, Patel JN, Wahba A, Cluckey A, Celedonio J, Park J, Hannah L, Lonce S, Shibao CA, Paranjape SY, Diedrich A, McGuinness O, Wasserman DH, Biaggioni I, Gamboa A. Acute Sympathetic Blockade Improves Insulin-Mediated Microvascular Blood Flow in the Forearm of Adult Human Subjects With Obesity. J Am Heart Assoc [print-electronic]. 2024 Aug 8/20/2024; 13(16): e030775. PMID: 39119951, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030775, ISSN: 2047-9980.

Rahman S, Gamboa A, Saleem M, Kulapatana S, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Kirabo A, Shibao CA. Complete autonomic blockade reveals nitric oxide contribution to blood pressure regulation in obese Black women. Clin Auton Res [print-electronic]. 2024 Aug 8/1/2024; PMID: 39090323, PII: 10.1007/s10286-024-01050-3, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-024-01050-3, ISSN: 1619-1560.

Park JW, Okamoto LE, Kim SH, Lee CN, Park KW, Baek SH, Sung JH, Jeon N, Koh SB, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Diedrich A, Kim BJ, Biaggioni I. Sympathetic dysfunction as an early indicator of autonomic involvement in Parkinson's disease. Clin Auton Res [print-electronic]. 2024 Apr; 34(2): 269-79. PMID: 38652421, PII: 10.1007/s10286-024-01031-6, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-024-01031-6, ISSN: 1619-1560.

Laurin JKH, Oyewunmi OA, Garland EM, Gamboa A, Nwazue VC, Paranjape SY, Black BK, Okamoto LE, Shibao CA, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Diedrich A, Dupont WD, Sheldon RS, Raj SR. Adrenal gland response to adrenocorticotropic hormone is intact in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Auton Neurosci [print-electronic]. 2023 Sep; 248: 103105. PMID: 37393658, PII: S1566-0702(23)00034-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103105, ISSN: 1872-7484.

Bourne KM, Nerenberg KA, Stiles LE, Shibao CA, Okamoto LE, Garland EM, Gamboa A, Peltier A, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Sheldon RS, Gibson PS, Kealey AJ, Raj SR. Symptoms of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in pregnancy: a cross-sectional, community-based survey. BJOG [print-electronic]. 2023 Aug; 130(9): 1120-7. PMID: 36908200, PMCID: PMC10363219, DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17437, ISSN: 1471-0528.

Birdee G, Nelson K, Wallston K, Nian H, Diedrich A, Paranjape S, Abraham R, Gamboa A. Slow breathing for reducing stress: The effect of extending exhale. Complement Ther Med [print-electronic]. 2023 May; 73: 102937. PMID: 36871835, PMCID: PMC10395759, PII: S0965-2299(23)00024-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102937, ISSN: 1873-6963.

Park JW, Okamoto LE, Kim SH, Baek SH, Sung JH, Jeon N, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Diedrich A, Kim BJ, Biaggioni I. Use of Valsalva Maneuver to Detect Late-Onset Delayed Orthostatic Hypotension. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2023 Apr; 80(4): 792-801. PMID: 36695176, PMCID: PMC10023507, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20098, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Hall J, Bourne KM, Stiles LE, Sheldon RS, Shibao CA, Okamoto LE, Garland EM, Gamboa AC, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Raj SR. Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Have Different Experiences in Health Care in Canada and the United States [letter]. Can J Cardiol [print-electronic]. 2021 Oct; 37(10): 1683-4. PMID: 34371119, PMCID: PMC9402394, PII: S0828-282X(21)00416-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.017, ISSN: 1916-7075.

Smith EC, Celedonio J, Nwazue VC, Garland EM, Paranjape SY, Chopoorian AH, Wahba A, Biaggioni I, Black B, Shibao CA, Diedrich A, Okamoto LE, Raj SR, Gamboa A. High-sodium diet does not worsen endothelial function in female patients with postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res [print-electronic]. 2021 Aug; 31(4): 563-71. PMID: 33689063, PMCID: PMC8295180, PII: 10.1007/s10286-021-00772-y, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-021-00772-y, ISSN: 1619-1560.

Bourne KM, Chew DS, Stiles LE, Shaw BH, Shibao CA, Okamoto LE, Garland EM, Gamboa A, Peltier A, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Sheldon RS, Robertson D, Raj SR. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is associated with significant employment and economic loss [editorial]. J Intern Med [print-electronic]. 2021 Jul; 290(1): 203-12. PMID: 33586284, PMCID: PMC9156448, DOI: 10.1111/joim.13245, ISSN: 1365-2796.

Garland EM, Gamboa A, Nwazue VC, Celedonio JE, Paranjape SY, Black BK, Okamoto LE, Shibao CA, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Diedrich A, Dupont WD, Raj SR. Effect of High Dietary Sodium Intake in Patients With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 May 5/4/2021; 77(17): 2174-84. PMID: 33926653, PMCID: PMC8103825, PII: S0735-1097(21)00630-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.005, ISSN: 1558-3597.

Okamoto LE, Celedonio JE, Smith EC, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Diedrich A, Paranjape SY, Black BK, Muldowney JAS, Peltier AC, Habermann R, Crandall CG, Biaggioni I. Local Passive Heat for the Treatment of Hypertension in Autonomic Failure. J Am Heart Assoc [print-electronic]. 2021 Apr 4/6/2021; 10(7): e018979. PMID: 33739123, PMCID: PMC8174330, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018979, ISSN: 2047-9980.

Chopoorian AH, Wahba A, Celedonio J, Nwazue V, Smith EC, Garland EM, Paranjape S, Okamoto LE, Black BK, Biaggioni I, Raj SR, Gamboa A. Impaired Endothelial Function in Patients With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2021 Mar 3/3/2021; 77(3): 1001-9. PMID: 33486983, PMCID: PMC7878337, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16238, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Smith EC, Diedrich A, Raj SR, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Black BK, Peltier A, Paranjape SY, Biaggioni I, Okamoto LE. Splanchnic Venous Compression Enhances the Effects of ß-Blockade in the Treatment of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc [print-electronic]. 2020 Jul 7/21/2020; 9(14): e016196. PMID: 32673517, PMCID: PMC7660715, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.016196, ISSN: 2047-9980.

Shaw BH, Stiles LE, Bourne K, Green EA, Shibao CA, Okamoto LE, Garland EM, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Raj V, Sheldon RS, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Raj SR. The face of postural tachycardia syndrome - insights from a large cross-sectional online community-based survey. J Intern Med [print-electronic]. 2019 Oct; 286(4): 438-48. PMID: 30861229, PMCID: PMC6790699, DOI: 10.1111/joim.12895, ISSN: 1365-2796.

Okamoto LE, Shibao CA, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Raj SR, Black BK, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Synergistic Pressor Effect of Atomoxetine and Pyridostigmine in Patients With Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension. Hypertension. 2019 Jan; 73(1): 235-41. PMID: 30571543, PMCID: PMC6309809, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11790, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Marinos A, Gamboa A, Celedonio JE, Preheim BA, Okamoto LE, Ramirez CE, Arnold AC, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Shibao CA. Hypertension in Obese Black Women is Not Caused by Increased Sympathetic Vascular Tone. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Nov 11/18/2017; 6(11): PMID: 29151035, PMCID: PMC5721777, PII: JAHA.117.006971, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006971, ISSN: 2047-9980.

Shaw BH, Garland EM, Black BK, Paranjape SY, Shibao CA, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Plummer WD, Dupont WD, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Raj SR. Optimal diagnostic thresholds for diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension with a 'sit-to-stand test'. J. Hypertens. 2017 May; 35(5): 1019-25. PMID: 28129252, DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001265, ISSN: 1473-5598.

Gamboa A, Figueroa R, Paranjape SY, Farley G, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I. Autonomic Blockade Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity-Associated Hypertension. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2016 Oct; 68(4): 1004-10. PMID: 27528067, PMCID: PMC5016238, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07681, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07681, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Okamoto LE, Diedrich A, Baudenbacher FJ, Harder R, Whitfield JS, Iqbal F, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Black BK, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Efficacy of Servo-Controlled Splanchnic Venous Compression in the Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension: A Randomized Comparison With Midodrine. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2016 Aug; 68(2): 418-26. PMID: 27271310, PMCID: PMC4945429, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07199, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07199, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Shibao CA, Celedonio JE, Ramirez CE, Love-Gregory L, Arnold AC, Choi L, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Biaggioni I, Abumrad NN, Abumrad NA. A Common CD36 Variant Influences Endothelial Function and Response to Treatment with Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab [print-electronic]. 2016 Jul; 101(7): 2751-8. PMID: 27144937, PMCID: PMC4929841, DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1294, ISSN: 1945-7197.

Arnold AC, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Black BK, Raj SR, Elijovich F, Robertson D, Shibao CA, Biaggioni I. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation Contributes to the Supine Hypertension of Autonomic Failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2016 Feb; 67(2): 424-9. PMID: 26644241, PMCID: PMC4748950, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06617, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06617, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Okamoto LE, Raj SR, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Arnold AC, Garland EM, Black BK, Farley G, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I. Sympathetic activation is associated with increased IL-6, but not CRP in the absence of obesity: lessons from postural tachycardia syndrome and obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2015 Dec 12/15/2015; 309(12): H2098-107. PMID: 26453329, PMCID: PMC4698423, PII: ajpheart.00409.2015, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00409.2015, ISSN: 1522-1539.

Marinos A, Celedonio JE, Ramirez CE, Gottlieb J, Gamboa A, Hui N, Yu C, Stein CM, Biaggioni I, Shibao CA. Time-Course Analysis of Flow Mediated Dilation for the Evaluation of Endothelial Function After a High-Fat Meal in African Americans. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Nov 11/5/2015; 4(11): PMID: 26541392, PMCID: PMC4845211, PII: JAHA.115.002388, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002388, ISSN: 2047-9980.

Gamboa A, Paranjape SY, Black BK, Arnold AC, Figueroa R, Okamoto LE, Nwazue VC, Diedrich A, Plummer WD, Dupont WD, Robertson D, Raj SR. Inspiratory resistance improves postural tachycardia: a randomized study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol [print-electronic]. 2015 Jun; 8(3): 651-8. PMID: 25792354, PMCID: PMC4472504, PII: CIRCEP.114.002605, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.114.002605, ISSN: 1941-3084.

Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Arnold AC, Choi L, Black BK, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Nebivolol, but not metoprolol, lowers blood pressure in nitric oxide-sensitive human hypertension. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2014 Dec; 64(6): 1241-7. PMID: 25267802, PMCID: PMC4230998, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04116, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04116, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Ramirez CE, Okamoto LE, Arnold AC, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Choi L, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I, Shibao CA. Efficacy of atomoxetine versus midodrine for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2014 Dec; 64(6): 1235-40. PMID: 25185131, PMCID: PMC4231172, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04225, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04225, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Gamboa A, Okamoto LE, Arnold AC, Figueroa RA, Diedrich A, Raj SR, Paranjape SY, Farley G, Abumrad N, Biaggioni I. Autonomic blockade improves insulin sensitivity in obese subjects. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2014 Oct; 64(4): 867-74. PMID: 25001269, PMCID: PMC4162826, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03738, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03738, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Figueroa RA, Arnold AC, Nwazue VC, Okamoto LE, Paranjape SY, Black BK, Diedrich A, Robertson D, Biaggioni I, Raj SR, Gamboa A. Acute volume loading and exercise capacity in postural tachycardia syndrome. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2014 Sep 9/15/2014; 117(6): 663-8. PMID: 25059240, PMCID: PMC4157162, PII: japplphysiol.00367.2014, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00367.2014, ISSN: 1522-1601.

Arnold AC, Ramirez CE, Choi L, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I, Shibao CA. Combination ergotamine and caffeine improves seated blood pressure and presyncopal symptoms in autonomic failure. Front Physiol. 2014; 5: 270. PMID: 25104940, PMCID: PMC4109567, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00270.

Arnold AC, Okamoto LE, Diedrich A, Paranjape SY, Raj SR, Biaggioni I, Gamboa A. Low-dose propranolol and exercise capacity in postural tachycardia syndrome: a randomized study. Neurology [print-electronic]. 2013 May 5/21/2013; 80(21): 1927-33. PMID: 23616163, PMCID: PMC3716342, PII: WNL.0b013e318293e310, DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318293e310, ISSN: 1526-632X.

Arnold AC, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Shibao C, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Angiotensin II, independent of plasma renin activity, contributes to the hypertension of autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2013 Mar; 61(3): 701-6. PMID: 23266540, PMCID: PMC3573256, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00377, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00377, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Gamboa A, Okamoto LE, Raj SR, Diedrich A, Shibao CA, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Nitric oxide and regulation of heart rate in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and healthy subjects. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2013 Feb; 61(2): 376-81. PMID: 23283362, PMCID: PMC3621717, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00203, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00203, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Gamboa A, Okamoto LE, Diedrich A, Choi L, Robertson D, Farley G, Paranjape S, Biaggioni I. Sympathetic activation and nitric oxide function in early hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2012 Apr 4/1/2012; 302(7): H1438-43. PMID: 22287587, PMCID: PMC3330790, PII: ajpheart.01020.2011, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01020.2011, ISSN: 1522-1539.

Okamoto LE, Shibao C, Gamboa A, Choi L, Diedrich A, Raj SR, Black BK, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Synergistic effect of norepinephrine transporter blockade and a-2 antagonism on blood pressure in autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2012 Mar; 59(3): 650-6. PMID: 22311903, PMCID: PMC3312003, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.184812, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.184812, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Okamoto LE, Raj SR, Peltier A, Gamboa A, Shibao C, Diedrich A, Black BK, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Neurohumoral and haemodynamic profile in postural tachycardia and chronic fatigue syndromes. Clin. Sci. 2012 Feb; 122(4): 183-92. PMID: 21906029, PMCID: PMC3203411, PII: CS20110200, DOI: 10.1042/CS20110200, ISSN: 1470-8736.

Shibao C, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Yu C, Diedrich A, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Comparative efficacy of yohimbine against pyridostigmine for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2010 Nov; 56(5): 847-51. PMID: 20837887, PMCID: PMC2959129, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.154898, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.154898, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Garland EM, Gamboa A, Okamoto L, Raj SR, Black BK, Davis TL, Biaggioni I, Robertson D. Renal impairment of pure autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2009 Nov; 54(5): 1057-61. PMID: 19738158, PMCID: PMC2796115, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.136853, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.136853, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Shibao C, Black BK, Diedrich A, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Nocturnal blood pressure dipping in the hypertension of autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2009 Feb; 53(2): 363-9. PMID: 19047577, PMCID: PMC2665259, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.124552, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.124552, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Gamboa A, Shibao C, Diedrich A, Paranjape SY, Farley G, Christman B, Raj SR, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Excessive nitric oxide function and blood pressure regulation in patients with autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2008 Jun; 51(6): 1531-6. PMID: 18426998, PMCID: PMC2497433, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.105171, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.105171, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Shibao C, Garland EM, Gamboa A, Vnencak-Jones CL, Van Woeltz M, Haines JL, Yu C, Biaggioni I. PRNP M129V homozygosity in multiple system atrophy vs. Parkinson's disease. Clin. Auton. Res [print-electronic]. 2008 Feb; 18(1): 13-9. PMID: 18236005, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-007-0447-7, ISSN: 0959-9851.

Shibao C, Raj SR, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Choi L, Black BK, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Norepinephrine transporter blockade with atomoxetine induces hypertension in patients with impaired autonomic function. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2007 Jul; 50(1): 47-53. PMID: 17515448, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.089961, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.089961, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Shibao C, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Dossett C, Choi L, Farley G, Biaggioni I. Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, attenuates postprandial hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2007 Jul; 50(1): 54-61. PMID: 17515447, PII: HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.091355, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.091355, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I. Pharmacological probes to measure the importance of the autonomic nervous system [editorial]. Clin. Auton. Res. 2007 Apr; 17(2): 65-8. PMID: 17401762, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-007-0406-3, ISSN: 0959-9851.

Gamboa A, Shibao C, Diedrich A, Choi L, Pohar B, Jordan J, Paranjape S, Farley G, Biaggioni I. Contribution of endothelial nitric oxide to blood pressure in humans. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2007 Jan; 49(1): 170-7. PMID: 17130304, PII: 01.HYP.0000252425.06216.26, DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000252425.06216.26, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Shibao C, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Ertl AC, Chen KY, Byrne DW, Farley G, Paranjape SY, Davis SN, Biaggioni I. Autonomic contribution to blood pressure and metabolism in obesity. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2007 Jan; 49(1): 27-33. PMID: 17116758, PII: 01.HYP.0000251679.87348.05, DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000251679.87348.05, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Appenzeller O, Minko T, Qualls C, Pozharov V, Gamboa J, Gamboa A, Pakunlu RI. Chronic hypoxia in Andeans; are there lessons for neurology at sea level?. J. Neurol. Sci [print-electronic]. 2006 Aug 8/15/2006; 247(1): 93-9. PMID: 16733057, PII: S0022-510X(06)00160-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.03.021, ISSN: 0022-510X.

Appenzeller O, Minko T, Qualls C, Pozharov V, Gamboa J, Gamboa A, Wang Y. Gene expression, autonomic function and chronic hypoxia:lessons from the Andes. Clin. Auton. Res [print-electronic]. 2006 Jun; 16(3): 217-22. PMID: 16583294, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-006-0338-3, ISSN: 0959-9851.

Shibao C, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I. Management of hypertension in the setting of autonomic dysfunction. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2006 Apr; 8(2): 105-9. PMID: 16533484, ISSN: 1092-8464.

Shibao C, Gamboa A, Abraham R, Raj SR, Diedrich A, Black B, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Clonidine for the treatment of supine hypertension and pressure natriuresis in autonomic failure. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2006 Mar; 47(3): 522-6. PMID: 16391172, PII: 01.HYP.0000199982.71858.11, DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000199982.71858.11, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Gamboa A, Gamboa JL, Holmes C, Sharabi Y, Leon-Velarde F, Fischman GJ, Appenzeller O, Goldstein DS. Plasma catecholamines and blood volume in native Andeans during hypoxia and normoxia. Clin. Auton. Res. 2006 Feb; 16(1): 40-5. PMID: 16477494, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-006-0305-z, ISSN: 0959-9851.

Gamboa A, Gamboa JL. Comments on Point-Counterpoint "Positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are/are not mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume" [letter]. J. Appl. Physiol. 2006 Jan; 100(1): 366-7. PMID: 16402429, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Appenzeller O, Minko T, Qualls C, Pozharov V, Gamboa J, Gamboa A, Wang Y. Migraine in the Andes and headache at sea level. Cephalalgia. 2005 Dec; 25(12): 1117-21. PMID: 16305600, PII: CHA973, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00973.x, ISSN: 0333-1024.

Gamboa A, Abraham R, Diedrich A, Shibao C, Paranjape SY, Farley G, Biaggioni I. Role of adenosine and nitric oxide on the mechanisms of action of dipyridamole. Stroke [print-electronic]. 2005 Oct; 36(10): 2170-5. PMID: 16141426, PII: 01.STR.0000179044.37760.9d, DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000179044.37760.9d, ISSN: 1524-4628.

Jacob G, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Shibao C, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Tyramine-induced vasodilation mediated by dopamine contamination: a paradox resolved. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2005 Aug; 46(2): 355-9. PMID: 15967868, PII: 01.HYP.0000172353.62657.8b, DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000172353.62657.8b, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Brutsaert TD, Parra EJ, Shriver MD, Gamboa A, Rivera-Ch M, León-Velarde F. Ancestry explains the blunted ventilatory response to sustained hypoxia and lower exercise ventilation of Quechua altitude natives. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2005 Jul; 289(1): R225-34. PMID: 15802561, PII: 00105.2005, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00105.2005, ISSN: 0363-6119.

Shibao C, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I. Management of hypertension in the setting of autonomic failure: a pathophysiological approach. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2005 Apr; 45(4): 469-76. PMID: 15738343, PII: 01.HYP.0000158835.94916.0c, DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000158835.94916.0c, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Appenzeller O, Passino C, Roach R, Gamboa J, Gamboa A, Bernardi L, Bonfichi M, Malcovati L. Cerebral vasoreactivity in Andeans and headache at sea level. J. Neurol. Sci. 2004 Apr 4/15/2004; 219(1-2): 101-6. PMID: 15050445, PII: S0022510X04000188, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2003.12.014, ISSN: 0022-510X.

Brutsaert TD, Parra E, Shriver M, Gamboa A, Palacios JA, Rivera M, Rodriguez I, León-Velarde F. Effects of birthplace and individual genetic admixture on lung volume and exercise phenotypes of Peruvian Quechua. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2004 Apr; 123(4): 390-8. PMID: 15022366, DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10319, ISSN: 0002-9483.

Spicuzza L, Casiraghi N, Gamboa A, Keyl C, Schneider A, Mori A, Leon-Velarde F, Di Maria GU, Bernardi L. Sleep-related hypoxaemia and excessive erythrocytosis in Andean high-altitude natives. Eur. Respir. J. 2004 Jan; 23(1): 41-6. PMID: 14738229, ISSN: 0903-1936.

Gamboa A, Ertl AC, Costa F, Farley G, Manier ML, Hachey DL, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I. Blockade of nucleoside transport is required for delivery of intraarterial adenosine into the interstitium: relevance to therapeutic preconditioning in humans. Circulation [print-electronic]. 2003 Nov 11/25/2003; 108(21): 2631-5. PMID: 14623808, PII: 01.CIR.0000101927.70100.41, DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000101927.70100.41, ISSN: 1524-4539.

Brutsaert TD, Parra EJ, Shriver MD, Gamboa A, Palacios JA, Rivera M, Rodriguez I, León-Velarde F. Spanish genetic admixture is associated with larger V(O2) max decrement from sea level to 4338 m in Peruvian Quechua. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2003 Aug; 95(2): 519-28. PMID: 12692145, PII: 01088.2002, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01088.2002, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Fatemian M, Gamboa A, Léon-Velarde F, Rivera-Ch M, Palacios JA, Robbins PA. Selected contribution: Ventilatory response to CO2 in high-altitude natives and patients with chronic mountain sickness. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2003 Mar; 94(3): 1279-87; discussion 1253. PMID: 12571150, PII: 00859.2002, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00859.2002, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Léon-Velarde F, Gamboa A, Rivera-Ch M, Palacios JA, Robbins PA. Selected contribution: Peripheral chemoreflex function in high-altitude natives and patients with chronic mountain sickness. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2003 Mar; 94(3): 1269-78; discussion 1253. PMID: 12571149, PII: 00858.2002, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00858.2002, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Rivera-Ch M, Gamboa A, Léon-Velarde F, Palacios JA, O'Connor DF, Robbins PA. Selected contribution: High-altitude natives living at sea level acclimatize to high altitude like sea-level natives. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2003 Mar; 94(3): 1263-8; discussion 1253. PMID: 12571148, PII: 00857.2002, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00857.2002, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Gamboa A, Léon-Velarde F, Rivera-Ch M, Palacios JA, Pragnell TR, O'Connor DF, Robbins PA. Selected contribution: Acute and sustained ventilatory responses to hypoxia in high-altitude natives living at sea level. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2003 Mar; 94(3): 1255-62; discussion 1253. PMID: 12571147, PII: 00856.2002, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00856.2002, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Bernardi L, Roach RC, Keyl C, Spicuzza L, Passino C, Bonfichi M, Gamboa A, Gamboa J, Malcovati L, Schneider A, Casiraghi N, Mori A, Leon-Velarde F. Ventilation, autonomic function, sleep and erythropoietin. Chronic mountain sickness of Andean natives. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2003; 543: 161-75. PMID: 14713121, ISSN: 0065-2598.

Keyl C, Schneider A, Gamboa A, Spicuzza L, Casiraghi N, Mori A, Ramirez RT, Leon-Velarde F, Bernardi L. Autonomic cardiovascular function in high-altitude Andean natives with chronic mountain sickness. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2003 Jan; 94(1): 213-9. PMID: 12391057, PII: 01258.2001, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01258.2001, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Gamboa A, León-Velarde F, Rivera-Ch M, Vargas M, Palacios JA, Monge-C C. Ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and exercise in Andean natives living at sea level. High Alt. Med. Biol. 2001; 2(3): 341-7. PMID: 11682013, DOI: 10.1089/15270290152608516, ISSN: 1527-0297.

Gamboa J, Caceda R, Gamboa A, Monge-C C. Carbonic anhydrase activity in the red blood cells of sea level and high altitude natives. Biol. Res. 2000; 33(3-4): 207-8. PMID: 15696680, ISSN: 0716-9760.

León-Velarde F, Gamboa A, Chuquiza JA, Esteba WA, Rivera-Chira M, Monge CC. Hematological parameters in high altitude residents living at 4,355, 4,660, and 5,500 meters above sea level. High Alt. Med. Biol. 2000; 1(2): 97-104. PMID: 11256567, DOI: 10.1089/15270290050074233, ISSN: 1527-0297.

Gamboa, A, Leon-Velarde, F, Rivera, M, Vargas, M, Palacios, J. A, and Monge, C. Estudio Comparativo de la respuesta a la Prueba de Hypoxia Aguda. Libro de Resumenes XI Jornadas Cientificas "Doctor Homero Silva". 1999.

Gamboa, A, Pareja, W, and Cordero, F. PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS A GIARDIASIS EN NIÑOS MENORES DE 4 AÑOS DE UNA COMUNIDAD URBANO-MARGINAL DE LIMA. Libro de Resumenes X Jornadas Cientificas "Doctor Homero Silva". 1998.