Brian W. Christman, M.D.

T-1218 MCN
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine
Nashville, TN 37232-2650

Our research efforts are currently funded via two NIH grants: (1) PO1HL066196 (Program Project Grant-- Liver-lung interaction in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation, and (2) R01CA092313-- Chemotherapy Toxicity Reduction via Urea Cycle Support. By way of background, the hepatic urea cycle is the primary end pathway of nitrogen catabolism. This cycle fixes ammonia and generates urea. A key intermediate in the cycle is arginine, the substrate for NO generation via the actions of nitric oxide synthase. NOS, when provided with sufficient cofactors (NADPH, tetrahydrobiopterin, oxygen) and substrate, exists in a homodimeric form and produces mainly NO. During periods of substrate limitation or cofactor oxidation, "uncoupled NOS" generates large quantities of superoxide anion. In work supported by our PPG, we have found that mice with partial deficiency of proximal urea cycle enzymes experience increased post-endotoxin in vivo lipid peroxidation, as assessed by GC/MS measurement of isoprostanes and isofurans. This can be ameliorated by manipulation of NOS cofactors and substrate provision. In parallel studies supported by the NCI, we are engaged in a Phase II clinical trial of providing urea cycle intermediates to patients receiving escalated dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant. This is aimed at reducing regimen related toxicity. . . . .

Role of urea/nitric oxide synthase cycle during inflammation

Sepsis Acute Lung Injury ARDS Liver-lung interaction Urea Cycle Bone Marrow Transplant Pulmonary Hypertension

Christman BW. Ague Dawn. Ann. Intern. Med. 2017 Jan 1/3/2017; 166(1): 80. PMID: 28030675, PII: 2595481, DOI: 10.7326/M16-2595, ISSN: 1539-3704.

Watson GT, Huaman MA, Semler MW, Manners J, Woron AM, Carpenter LR, Christman BW. When nature meets nurture: persistent Yersinia infection. Am. J. Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Jul; 126(7): 578-80. PMID: 23664165, PII: S0002-9343(13)00268-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.03.006, ISSN: 1555-7162.

Semler MW, Stover DG, Copland AP, Hong G, Johnson MJ, Kriss MS, Otepka H, Wang L, Christman BW, Rice TW. Flash mob research: a single-day, multicenter, resident-directed study of respiratory rate. Chest. 2013 Jun; 143(6): 1740-4. PMID: 23197319, PMCID: PMC3747725, PII: S0012-3692(13)60406-7, DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1837, ISSN: 1931-3543.

Robbins IM, Hemnes AR, Gibbs JS, Christman BW, Howard L, Meehan S, Cabrita I, Gonzalez R, Oyler T, Zhao L, Du RH, Mendes LA, Wilkins MR. Safety of sapropterin dihydrochloride (6r-bh4) in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Exp. Lung Res [print-electronic]. 2011 Feb; 37(1): 26-34. PMID: 21077779, DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2010.512972, ISSN: 1521-0499.

Lee HJ, Joo M, Abdolrasulnia R, Young DG, Choi I, Ware LB, Blackwell TS, Christman BW. Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 suppresses inhibitory {kappa}B kinase activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J. Biol. Chem [print-electronic]. 2010 Dec 12/17/2010; 285(51): 39655-62. PMID: 20937835, PMCID: PMC3000946, PII: M110.170290, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M110.170290, ISSN: 1083-351X.

Smith HA, Canter JA, Christian KG, Drinkwater DC, Scholl FG, Christman BW, Rice GD, Barr FE, Summar ML. Nitric oxide precursors and congenital heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial of oral citrulline. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2006 Jul; 132(1): 58-65. PMID: 16798303, PII: S0022-5223(06)00316-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.02.012, ISSN: 1097-685X.

Robbins IM, Kawut SM, Yung D, Reilly MP, Lloyd W, Cunningham G, Loscalzo J, Kimmel SE, Christman BW, Barst RJ. A study of aspirin and clopidogrel in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2006 Mar; 27(3): 578-84. PMID: 16507859, PII: 27/3/578, DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00095705, ISSN: 0903-1936.

Siore AM, Parker RE, Stecenko AA, Cuppels C, McKean M, Christman BW, Cruz-Gervis R, Brigham KL. Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury requires interaction with the liver. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2005 Nov; 289(5): L769-76. PMID: 16006484, PII: 00137.2005, DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00137.2005, ISSN: 1040-0605.

Summar ML, Barr F, Dawling S, Smith W, Lee B, Singh RH, Rhead WJ, Sniderman King L, Christman BW. Unmasked adult-onset urea cycle disorders in the critical care setting. Crit Care Clin. 2005 Oct; 21(4 Suppl): S1-8. PMID: 16227111, PII: S0749-0704(05)00038-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2005.05.002, ISSN: 0749-0704.

Kallianpur AR, Hall LD, Yadav M, Byrne DW, Speroff T, Dittus RS, Haines JL, Christman BW, Summar ML. The hemochromatosis C282Y allele: a risk factor for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005 Jun; 35(12): 1155-64. PMID: 15834437, PII: 1704943, DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704943, ISSN: 0268-3369.

Wong F, Bernardi M, Balk R, Christman B, Moreau R, Garcia-Tsao G, Patch D, Soriano G, Hoefs J, Navasa M, . Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut. 2005 May; 54(5): 718-25. PMID: 15831923, PMCID: PMC1774473, PII: 54/5/718, DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.038679, ISSN: 0017-5749.

Robbins IM, Morrow JD, Christman BW. Oxidant stress but not thromboxane decreases with epoprostenol therapy. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2005 Mar 3/1/2005; 38(5): 568-74. PMID: 15683712, PII: S0891-5849(04)00965-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.033, ISSN: 0891-5849.

Richard C, Gao J, LaFleur B, Christman BW, Anderson J, Brown N, Reese J. Patency of the preterm fetal ductus arteriosus is regulated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase and is independent of vasa vasorum in the mouse. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2004 Sep; 287(3): R652-60. PMID: 15142832, PII: 00049.2004, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00049.2004, ISSN: 0363-6119.

Humbert M, Morrell NW, Archer SL, Stenmark KR, MacLean MR, Lang IM, Christman BW, Weir EK, Eickelberg O, Voelkel NF, Rabinovitch M. Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004 Jun 6/16/2004; 43(12 Suppl S): 13S-24S. PMID: 15194174, PII: S0735109704004383, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.02.029, ISSN: 0735-1097.

Summar ML, Hall L, Christman B, Barr F, Smith H, Kallianpur A, Brown N, Yadav M, Willis A, Eeds A, Cermak E, Summar S, Wilson A, Arvin M, Putnam A, Wills M, Cunningham G. Environmentally determined genetic expression: clinical correlates with molecular variants of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I. Mol. Genet. Metab. 2004 Apr; 81 Suppl 1: S12-9. PMID: 15050969, PII: S1096719204000083, DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2003.11.014, ISSN: 1096-7192.

Kallianpur AR, Hall LD, Yadav M, Christman BW, Dittus RS, Haines JL, Parl FF, Summar ML. Increased prevalence of the HFE C282Y hemochromatosis allele in women with breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Feb; 13(2): 205-12. PMID: 14973098, ISSN: 1055-9965.

Summar ML, Gainer JV, Pretorius M, Malave H, Harris S, Hall LD, Weisberg A, Vaughan DE, Christman BW, Brown NJ. Relationship between carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase genotype and systemic vascular function. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2004 Feb; 43(2): 186-91. PMID: 14718356, PII: 01.HYP.0000112424.06921.52, DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000112424.06921.52, ISSN: 1524-4563.

Chen JX, Lawrence ML, Cunningham G, Christman BW, Meyrick B. HSP90 and Akt modulate Ang-1-induced angiogenesis via NO in coronary artery endothelium. J. Appl. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2004 Feb; 96(2): 612-20. PMID: 14555685, PII: 00728.2003, DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00728.2003, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Chen JX, Berry LC, Christman BW, Meyrick B. Glutathione mediates LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression via early transient p42/44 MAPK activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 2003 Oct; 197(1): 86-93. PMID: 12942544, DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10353, ISSN: 0021-9541.

Chen D, Balyakina EV, Lawrence M, Christman BW, Meyrick B. Cyclooxygenase is regulated by ET-1 and MAPKs in peripheral lung microvascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol [print-electronic]. 2003 Apr; 284(4): L614-21. PMID: 12618423, PII: 00215.2002, DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00215.2002, ISSN: 1040-0605.

Barr FE, Beverley H, VanHook K, Cermak E, Christian K, Drinkwater D, Dyer K, Raggio NT, Moore JH, Christman B, Summar M. Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on urea cycle intermediates and nitric oxide levels after congenital heart surgery. J. Pediatr. 2003 Jan; 142(1): 26-30. PMID: 12520250, PII: S0022-3476(02)40213-2, DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2003.mpd0311, ISSN: 0022-3476.

Langleben D, Christman BW, Barst RJ, Dias VC, Galiè N, Higenbottam TW, Kneussl M, Korducki L, Naeije R, Riedel A, Simonneau G, Hirsch AM, Rich S, Robbins IM, Oudiz R, McGoon MD, Badesch DB, Levy RD, Mehta S, Seeger W, Solèr M. Effects of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and receptor antagonist terbogrel in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. Heart J. 2002 May; 143(5): E4. PMID: 12040360, PII: S0002870302839151, ISSN: 1097-6744.

Robbins IM, Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Gaine SP, Price PV, Morrow JD, Christman BW. Increased levels of prostaglandin D(2) suggest macrophage activation in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 2001 Nov; 120(5): 1639-44. PMID: 11713147, ISSN: 0012-3692.

Klings ES, Christman BW, McClung J, Stucchi AF, McMahon L, Brauer M, Farber HW. Increased F2 isoprostanes in the acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease as a marker of oxidative stress. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001 Oct 10/1/2001; 164(7): 1248-52. PMID: 11673218, DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.7.2101020, ISSN: 1073-449X.

Pearson DL, Dawling S, Walsh WF, Haines JL, Christman BW, Bazyk A, Scott N, Summar ML. Neonatal pulmonary hypertension--urea-cycle intermediates, nitric oxide production, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase function. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001 Jun 6/14/2001; 344(24): 1832-8. PMID: 11407344, DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200106143442404, ISSN: 0028-4793.

Collins BJ, Blum MG, Parker RE, Chang AC, Blair KS, Zorn GL, Christman BW, Pierson RN. Thromboxane mediates pulmonary hypertension and lung inflammation during hyperacute lung rejection. J. Appl. Physiol. 2001 Jun; 90(6): 2257-68. PMID: 11356791, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Chen JX, Berry LC, Christman BW, Tanner M, Myers PR, Meyrick BO. NO regulates LPS-stimulated cyclooxygenase gene expression and activity in pulmonary artery endothelium. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 2001 Mar; 280(3): L450-7. PMID: 11159028, ISSN: 1040-0605.

Dworski R, Christman BW, Sheller JR. Quantitative analysis of f(2) isoprostanes. Methods Mol. Med. 2001; 56: 423-30. PMID: 21336919, DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-151-5:423, ISSN: 1543-1894.

Dworski R, Sheller JR, Christman BW. Quantitative analysis of cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic Acid. Methods Mol. Med. 2001; 56: 411-22. PMID: 21336918, DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-151-5:411, ISSN: 1543-1894.

Mangialardi RJ, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Christman BW, Dupont WD, Higgins SB, Swindell BB. Hypoproteinemia predicts acute respiratory distress syndrome development, weight gain, and death in patients with sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 2000 Sep; 28(9): 3137-45. PMID: 11008971, ISSN: 0090-3493.

Blackwell TS, Christman JW, Hagan T, Price P, Edens T, Morris PE, Wolff SN, Goodman SA, Christman BW. Oxidative stress and NF-kappaB activation: correlation in patients following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2000; 2(1): 93-102. PMID: 11232605, ISSN: 1523-0864.

Haselton DJ, Klekamp JG, Christman BW, Barr FE. Use of high-dose corticosteroids and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation for treatment of a child with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after bone marrow transplantation: case report and review of the literature. Crit. Care Med. 2000 Jan; 28(1): 245-8. PMID: 10667532, ISSN: 0090-3493.

Martin GS, Christman BW, Standaert SM. Rapidly fatal infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999 Sep 9/2/1999; 341(10): 763-4. PMID: 10475799, DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199909023411014, ISSN: 0028-4793.

Costa F, Sulur P, Angel M, Cavalcante J, Haile V, Christman B, Biaggioni I. Intravascular source of adenosine during forearm ischemia in humans: implications for reactive hyperemia. Hypertension. 1999 Jun; 33(6): 1453-7. PMID: 10373232, ISSN: 0194-911X.

Arons MM, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Christman BW, Russell JA, Schein R, Summer WR, Steinberg KP, Fulkerson W, Wright P, Dupont WD, Swindell BB. Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of hypothermic sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 1999 Apr; 27(4): 699-707. PMID: 10321658, ISSN: 0090-3493.

Carpenter CT, Price PV, Christman BW. Exhaled breath condensate isoprostanes are elevated in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS. Chest. 1998 Dec; 114(6): 1653-9. PMID: 9872202, ISSN: 0012-3692.

Robbins IM, Christman BW, Newman JH, Matlock R, Loyd JE. A survey of diagnostic practices and the use of epoprostenol in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1998 Nov; 114(5): 1269-75. PMID: 9824000, ISSN: 0012-3692.

Becker PM, Sanders SP, Price P, Christman BW. F2-isoprostane generation in isolated ferret lungs after oxidant injury or ventilated ischemia. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1998 Oct; 25(6): 703-11. PMID: 9801071, PII: S089158499800152X, ISSN: 0891-5849.

Christman BW. Lipid mediator dysregulation in primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1998 Sep; 114(3 Suppl): 205S-207S. PMID: 9741570, ISSN: 0012-3692.

Robbins IM, Cuiper LL, Stein CM, Wood AJ, He HB, Parker R, Christman BW. Angiotensin II mediates systemic rebound hypertension after cessation of prostacyclin infusion in sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 1998 Aug; 85(2): 731-7. PMID: 9688753, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Tchekneva E, Quertermous T, Christman BW, Lawrence ML, Meyrick B. Regional variability in preproEndothelin-1 gene expression in sheep pulmonary artery and lung during the onset of air-induced chronic pulmonary hypertension. Participation Of arterial smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1998 Mar 3/15/1998; 101(6): 1389-97. PMID: 9502781, PMCID: PMC508694, DOI: 10.1172/JCI622, ISSN: 0021-9738.

Alexander JS, Patton WF, Christman BW, Cuiper LL, Haselton FR. Platelet-derived lysophosphatidic acid decreases endothelial permeability in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. 1998 Jan; 274(1 Pt 2): H115-22. PMID: 9458859, ISSN: 0002-9513.

He H, Stein CM, Christman B, Wood AJ. Determination of catecholamines in sheep plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: comparison of deoxyepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine as internal standard. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 1997 Nov 11/7/1997; 701(1): 115-9. PMID: 9389345, ISSN: 1387-2273.

Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Russell JA, Schein R, Summer WR, Steinberg KP, Fulkerson WJ, Wright PE, Christman BW, Dupont WD, Higgins SB, Swindell BB. The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997 Mar 3/27/1997; 336(13): 912-8. PMID: 9070471, DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199703273361303, ISSN: 0028-4793.

Blackwell TS, Blackwell TR, Holden EP, Christman BW, Christman JW. In vivo antioxidant treatment suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B activation and neutrophilic lung inflammation. J. Immunol. 1996 Aug 8/15/1996; 157(4): 1630-7. PMID: 8759749, ISSN: 0022-1767.

Cuiper LL, Price PV, Christman BW. Systemic and pulmonary hypertension after abrupt cessation of prostacyclin: role of thromboxane A2. J. Appl. Physiol. 1996 Jan; 80(1): 191-7. PMID: 8847301, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Meyrick B, Berry LC, Christman BW. Response of cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells to endotoxin. Am. J. Physiol. 1995 Feb; 268(2 Pt 1): L239-44. PMID: 7864145, ISSN: 0002-9513.

Conary JT, Parker RE, Christman BW, Faulks RD, King GA, Meyrick BO, Brigham KL. Protection of rabbit lungs from endotoxin injury by in vivo hyperexpression of the prostaglandin G/H synthase gene. J. Clin. Invest. 1994 Apr; 93(4): 1834-40. PMID: 8163682, PMCID: PMC294257, DOI: 10.1172/JCI117169, ISSN: 0021-9738.

Biggs VJ, Dummer S, Holsinger FC, Loyd JE, Christman BW, Frist WH. Successful treatment of invasive bronchial aspergillosis after single-lung transplantation. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1994 Jan; 18(1): 123-4. PMID: 8054428, ISSN: 1058-4838.

Christman BW, Bernard GR. Antilipid mediator and antioxidant therapy in adult respiratory distress syndrome. New Horiz. 1993 Nov; 1(4): 623-30. PMID: 8087582, ISSN: 1063-7389.

Christman BW, Christman JW, Dworski R, Blair IA, Prakash C. Prostaglandin E2 limits arachidonic acid availability and inhibits leukotriene B4 synthesis in rat alveolar macrophages by a nonphospholipase A2 mechanism. J. Immunol. 1993 Aug 8/15/1993; 151(4): 2096-104. PMID: 8393898, ISSN: 0022-1767.

Kuratomi Y, Lefferts PL, Christman BW, Parker RE, Smith WG, Mueller RA, Snapper JR. Effect of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor on endotoxin-induced pulmonary dysfunction in awake sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 1993 Feb; 74(2): 596-605. PMID: 8384614, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Brigham KL, Meyrick B, Christman B, Conary JT, King G, Berry LC, Magnuson MA. Expression of human growth hormone fusion genes in cultured lung endothelial cells and in the lungs of mice. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1993 Feb; 8(2): 209-13. PMID: 7678969, DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/8.2.209, ISSN: 1044-1549.

Trochtenberg DS, Lefferts PL, King GA, Hwang YS, Christman BW, Snapper JR. Effects of thromboxane synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibition on PAF-induced changes in lung function and arachidonic acid metabolism. Prostaglandins. 1992 Dec; 44(6): 555-77. PMID: 1475377, ISSN: 0090-6980.

Christman BW, McPherson CD, Newman JH, King GA, Bernard GR, Groves BM, Loyd JE. An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 1992 Jul 7/9/1992; 327(2): 70-5. PMID: 1603138, DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199207093270202, ISSN: 0028-4793.

Christman BW, Gay JC, Christman JW, Prakash C, Blair IA. Analysis of effector cell-derived lyso platelet activating factor by electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry. Biol. Mass Spectrom. 1991 Sep; 20(9): 545-52. PMID: 1782204, DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200200907, ISSN: 1052-9306.

Christman JW, Christman BW, Shepherd VL, Rinaldo JE. Regulation of alveolar macrophage production of chemoattractants by leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1991 Sep; 5(3): 297-304. PMID: 1654953, DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/5.3.297, ISSN: 1044-1549.

Meyrick B, Christman B, Jesmok G. Effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cultured pulmonary artery and lung microvascular endothelial monolayers. Am. J. Pathol. 1991 Jan; 138(1): 93-101. PMID: 1987772, PMCID: PMC1886052, ISSN: 0002-9440.

Christman BW, Lefferts PL, Blair IA, Snapper JR. Effect of platelet-activating factor receptor antagonism on endotoxin-induced lung dysfunction in awake sheep. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990 Dec; 142(6 Pt 1): 1272-8. PMID: 2174655, DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.6_Pt_1.1272, ISSN: 0003-0805.

Schapira M, Christman BW. Neutralization of heparin by protamine. Time for a change? [editorial]. Circulation. 1990 Nov; 82(5): 1877-9. PMID: 2171808, ISSN: 0009-7322.

Takahashi K, Schreiner GF, Yamashita K, Christman BW, Blair I, Badr KF. Predominant functional roles for thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2 during late nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 1990 Jun; 85(6): 1974-82. PMID: 2347921, PMCID: PMC296666, DOI: 10.1172/JCI114661, ISSN: 0021-9738.

Brigham KL, Meyrick B, Christman B, Magnuson M, King G, Berry LC. In vivo transfection of murine lungs with a functioning prokaryotic gene using a liposome vehicle. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1989 Oct; 298(4): 278-81. PMID: 2801762, ISSN: 0002-9629.

Brigham KL, Meyrick B, Christman B, Berry LC, King G. Expression of a prokaryotic gene in cultured lung endothelial cells after lipofection with a plasmid vector. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1989 Aug; 1(2): 95-100. PMID: 2559763, DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/1.2.95, ISSN: 1044-1549.

Christman BW, Blair IA. Analysis of platelet activating factor in human saliva by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 1989 Apr; 18(4): 258-64. PMID: 2706378, DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200180409, ISSN: 0887-6134.

Coggeshall JW, Christman BW, Lefferts PL, Serafin WE, Blair IA, Butterfield MJ, Snapper JR. Effect of inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid on response to endotoxemia in sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 1988 Sep; 65(3): 1351-9. PMID: 2846494, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Christman BW, Lefferts PL, King GA, Snapper JR. Role of circulating platelets and granulocytes in PAF-induced pulmonary dysfunction in awake sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 1988 May; 64(5): 2033-41. PMID: 3391901, ISSN: 8750-7587.

Christman BW, Lefferts PL, Snapper JR. Effect of platelet-activating factor on aerosol histamine responsiveness in awake sheep. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987 Jun; 135(6): 1267-70. PMID: 3592402, ISSN: 0003-0805.

Snapper JR, Coggeshall JW, Serafin WE, Phillips MA, Lefferts PL, Christman BW. Role of leukotrienes in an animal model of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot. Res. 1987; 17B: 1043-6. PMID: 2960145, ISSN: 0732-8141.