Donald H. Arnold, M.D.

Professor

don.arnold@vanderbilt.edu
Faculty Appointments
Professor of Pediatrics
Education
M.P.H., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MarylandM.D., Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaB.A., Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Office Address
703 Oxford House
TN 4700
Research Description
.Acute asthma exacerbations in children, pediatric emergency medicine, clinical prediction rules
Research Keywords
Pediatric Emergency Medicine; Asthma Diagnosis and Outcomes
Clinical Research Keywords
pulsus paradoxus; asthma; pulse oximetry; clinical prediction rules
Publications
Arnold DH, Van Driest SL, Reiss TF, King JC, Akers WS. Pilot Study of Peak Plasma Concentration After High-Dose Oral Montelukast in Children With Acute Asthma Exacerbations. J Clin Pharmacol [print-electronic]. 2021 Mar; 61(3): 360-7. PMID: 32960980, PMCID: PMC7855781, DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1738, ISSN: 1552-4604.

Arnold DH, Lindsell CJ, Gong W, Daly CH, Hartert TV. Peak Expiratory Flow and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second Percent Predicted Values Are Not Interchangeable Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation Severity Measures [letter]. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020 May; 17(5): 654-6. PMID: 31990222, PMCID: PMC7193809, DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201909-684RL, ISSN: 2325-6621.

Arnold DH, Bowman N, Reiss TF, Hartert TV, Akers WS, Seger DL. Adverse events associated with weight-based, high-dose montelukast exposures in children [letter]. Clin Toxicol (Phila) [print-electronic]. 2020 Feb; 58(2): 145-6. PMID: 31056949, PMCID: PMC7314285, DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1609686, ISSN: 1556-9519.

Arnold DH, Vukovic AA, Arnold CG, Penrod C, Pologe JA. Prediction of acute asthma exacerbation severity and interrater reliability of manual pulsus paradoxus measurement [letter]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2019 Jun; 122(6): 653-4. PMID: 30928416, PMCID: PMC6555652, PII: S1081-1206(19)30206-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.03.027, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Vukovic AA, Hanson HR, Murphy SL, Mercurio D, Sheedy CA, Arnold DH. Apneic oxygenation reduces hypoxemia during endotracheal intubation in the pediatric emergency department. Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2019 Jan; 37(1): 27-32. PMID: 29699900, PII: S0735-6757(18)30321-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.04.039, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Murphy SL, Blair L, Phillippi R, Meredith ML, Arnold DH. Characteristics associated with problematic pediatric transports to a regional children's hospital [letter]. Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2019 Jan; 37(1): 163-4. PMID: 29807630, PII: S0735-6757(18)30421-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.05.043, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Springer E, Frazier SB, Arnold DH, Vukovic AA. External validation of a clinical prediction rule for very low risk pediatric blunt abdominal trauma. Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2018 Nov 11/23/2018; PMID: 30502218, PII: S0735-6757(18)30943-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.11.031, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Pologe JA, Wolley KL, Arnold DH. Respiratory waveform variation can prevent pulsus paradoxus measurement by sphygmomanometry. J Asthma [print-electronic]. 2018 Aug 8/29/2018; 1-6. PMID: 29972658, PMCID: PMC6395523, DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1490959, ISSN: 1532-4303.

Watnick CS, Arnold DH, Latuska R, O'Connor M, Johnson DP. Successful Chest Radiograph Reduction by Using Quality Improvement Methodology for Children With Asthma. Pediatrics [print-electronic]. 2018 Aug; 142(2): PMID: 29997170, PII: peds.2017-4003, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4003, ISSN: 1098-4275.

Seghezzo S, Arnold DH, Gay JC, Moore PE, Johnson DP. Author response to "do we need to keep playing this tune?". Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2018 Feb 2/19/2018; PMID: 29471031, PII: S1081-1206(18)30123-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.02.014, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Johnson DP, Arnold DH, Gay JC, Grisso A, O'Connor MG, O'Kelley E, Moore PE. Implementation and Improvement of Pediatric Asthma Guideline Improves Hospital-Based Care. Pediatrics. 2018 Feb; 141(2): PMID: 29367203, PII: peds.2017-1630, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1630, ISSN: 1098-4275.

Lavin LR, Penrod CH, Estrada CM, Arnold DH, Saville BR, Xu M, Lowen DE. Fractures in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Are We Considering Abuse?. Clin Pediatr (Phila) [print-electronic]. 2018 Feb 2/1/2018; 9922818759319. PMID: 29451007, DOI: 10.1177/0009922818759319, ISSN: 1938-2707.

Arnold DH, Bowman N, Reiss TF, Hartert TV, Seger DL. Adverse events are rare after single-dose montelukast exposures in children. Clin Toxicol (Phila) [print-electronic]. 2018 Jan; 56(1): 25-9. PMID: 28639856, DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1337123, ISSN: 1556-9519.

Seghezzo S, Arnold DH, Gay JC, Moore PE, Johnson DP. Dexamethasone for inpatient childhood asthma exacerbations is as effective as short-acting corticosteroid treatment. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2018 Jan; 120(1): 94-5. PMID: 29162317, PII: S1081-1206(17)31163-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.001, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Allie EH, O'Kelley EB, Fischesser KH, Stack LB, Arnold DH. Breathe easy: 5 steps to better breathing with your metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2017 Dec; 35(12): 1926-7. PMID: 28526598, PII: S0735-6757(17)30378-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.05.014, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Arnold DH, Johnson DP, Yang CL, Hartert TV. Forced expiratory values in 1 second corresponding to Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure and Acute Asthma Intensity Research Score values during pediatric acute asthma exacerbations. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2017 Dec; 119(6): 561-2. PMID: 29107465, PMCID: PMC5723559, PII: S1081-1206(17)30997-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.09.003, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Allie EH, Dingle HE, Johnson WN, Birnbaum JR, Hilmes MA, Singh SP, Arnold DH. Emergency department chest radiography for children with asthma exacerbation is infrequently associated with change of management. Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2017 Oct 10/6/2017; PMID: 29137905, PII: S0735-6757(17)30813-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.10.009, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Cash C, Arnold DH. Extreme Methemoglobinemia After Topical Benzocaine: Recognition by Pulse Oximetry. J. Pediatr [print-electronic]. 2017 Feb; 181: 319. PMID: 27881239, PII: S0022-3476(16)31215-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.081, ISSN: 1097-6833.

Walsh CG, Sills MR, Arnold DH. Time-dependent severity change during treatment of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute asthma exacerbations. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2017 Feb; 118(2): 226-7. PMID: 27865715, PII: S1081-1206(16)31225-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.10.021, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Kidd RS, Hamdan S, Carlson KL, Arnold DH. Impact of language on prescription fill rates after discharge from a pediatric ED [letter]. Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2017 Jan; 35(1): 182-3. PMID: 28029488, PII: S0735-6757(16)30715-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.10.020, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Lind CH, Hall M, Arnold DH, Browning W, Johnson DP, Plemmons G, Zaman N, Williams DJ. Variation in Diagnostic Testing and Hospitalization Rates in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis. Hosp Pediatr. 2016 Dec; 6(12): 714-21. PMID: 27899409, PII: hpeds.2016-0085, DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2016-0085, ISSN: 2154-1663.

Arnold DH. Acute asthma exacerbations, viral respiratory infections, and corticosteroid treatment. Lancet Respir Med [print-electronic]. 2016 Dec; 4(12): 930-2. PMID: 27451346, PII: S2213-2600(16)30202-8, DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30202-8, ISSN: 2213-2619.

Allie EH, Bhattacharya SD, Arnold DH. Visual Diagnosis: Emesis in A Young, Healthy Child: Benign or Beware?. Pediatr Rev. 2016 Aug; 37(8): e35-7. PMID: 27482068, PII: 37/8/e35, DOI: 10.1542/pir.2015-0136, ISSN: 1526-3347.

Arnold DH, Penrod CH, Sprague DJ, Hartert TV. Count on It! Accurately Measured Respiratory Rate Is Associated with Lung Function and Clinical Severity in Children with Acute Asthma Exacerbations. J. Pediatr [print-electronic]. 2016 Aug; 175: 236-236.e1. PMID: 27255859, PMCID: PMC4981540, PII: S0022-3476(16)30191-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.081, ISSN: 1097-6833.

Pardue Jones B, Fleming GM, Otillio JK, Asokan I, Arnold DH. Pediatric acute asthma exacerbations: Evaluation and management from emergency department to intensive care unit. J Asthma [print-electronic]. 2016 Aug; 53(6): 607-17. PMID: 27116362, DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1067323, ISSN: 1532-4303.

Arnold DH, Sills MR, Walsh CG. The asthma prediction rule to decrease hospitalizations for children with asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Jun; 16(3): 201-9. PMID: 26918532, PMCID: PMC5380119, DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000259, ISSN: 1473-6322.

Arnold DH, Wang L, Hartert TV. Pulse Oximeter Plethysmograph Estimate of Pulsus Paradoxus as a Measure of Acute Asthma Exacerbation Severity and Response to Treatment. Acad Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2016 Mar; 23(3): 315-22. PMID: 26727986, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12886, ISSN: 1553-2712.

Watnick CS, Fabbri D, Arnold DH. Single-dose oral dexamethasone is effective in preventing relapse after acute asthma exacerbations [letter]. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2016 Feb; 116(2): 171-2. PMID: 26706293, PII: S1081-1206(15)00802-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.11.015, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Berg KT, O'Connor MG, Lescallette RD, Arnold DH, Stack LB. AAIRS Score Overview: The Acute Asthma Intensity Research Score. Acad Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2015 Oct; 22(10): E25-6. PMID: 26352797, PMCID: PMC4598278, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12760, ISSN: 1553-2712.

O'Connor MG, Berg K, Stack LB, Arnold DH. Variability of the Acute Asthma Intensity Research Score in the pediatric emergency department [letter]. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2015 Sep; 115(3): 244-5. PMID: 26165745, PMCID: PMC4567499, PII: S1081-1206(15)00398-1, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.06.007, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Arnold DH, O'Connor MG, Hartert TV. Acute Asthma Intensity Research Score: updated performance characteristics for prediction of hospitalization and lung function [letter]. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2015 Jul; 115(1): 69-70. PMID: 25890449, PMCID: PMC4490084, PII: S1081-1206(15)00202-1, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.03.020, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Larkin EK, Gebretsadik T, Moore ML, Anderson LJ, Dupont WD, Chappell JD, Minton PA, Peebles RS, Moore PE, Valet RS, Arnold DH, Rosas-Salazar C, Das SR, Polack FP, Hartert TV, . Objectives, design and enrollment results from the Infant Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infections and Asthma Following RSV Exposure Study (INSPIRE). BMC Pulm Med. 2015 Apr 4/30/2015; 15: 45. PMID: 26021723, PMCID: PMC4506623, PII: 10.1186/s12890-015-0040-0, DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0040-0, ISSN: 1471-2466.

Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Moons KG, Harrell FE, Hartert TV. Development and internal validation of a pediatric acute asthma prediction rule for hospitalization. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract [print-electronic]. 2015 Mar; 3(2): 228-35. PMID: 25609324, PMCID: PMC4355052, PII: S2213-2198(14)00415-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.09.017, ISSN: 2213-2201.

Golden C, Xu M, Estrada CM, Arnold DH. Clinical outcomes after bilevel positive airway pressure treatment for acute asthma exacerbations. JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Feb; 169(2): 186-8. PMID: 25546456, PII: 2085666, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2767, ISSN: 2168-6211.

Karlin E, Gebretsadik T, Peebles RS, Hartert TV, Langley EW, Arnold DH. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide change in pediatric patients after emergency department care of asthma exacerbations [letter]. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2015 Feb; 114(2): 149-51. PMID: 25492099, PMCID: PMC4727826, PII: S1081-1206(14)00804-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.11.002, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Szlam S, Arnold DH. Identifying parental preferences for corticosteroid and inhaled beta-agonist delivery mode in children with acute asthma exacerbations. Clin Pediatr (Phila) [print-electronic]. 2015 Jan; 54(1): 15-8. PMID: 25009118, PII: 0009922814542482, DOI: 10.1177/0009922814542482, ISSN: 1938-2707.

Kane ID, Arnold DH. Safety of empiric outpatient treatment of suspected tick-borne infection in the pediatric emergency department [letter]. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2014 Dec; 33(12): 1308. PMID: 25386968, PII: 00006454-201412000-00029, DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000426, ISSN: 1532-0987.

Dexheimer JW, Abramo TJ, Arnold DH, Johnson K, Shyr Y, Ye F, Fan KH, Patel N, Aronsky D. Implementation and evaluation of an integrated computerized asthma management system in a pediatric emergency department: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Med Inform [print-electronic]. 2014 Nov; 83(11): 805-13. PMID: 25174321, PMCID: PMC5460074, PII: S1386-5056(14)00143-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.07.008, ISSN: 1872-8243.

O'Connor MG, Saville BR, Hartert TV, Arnold DH. Treatment variability of asthma exacerbations in a pediatric emergency department using a severity-based management protocol. Clin Pediatr (Phila) [print-electronic]. 2014 Nov; 53(13): 1288-90. PMID: 24463950, PMCID: PMC4251715, PII: 0009922813520071, DOI: 10.1177/0009922813520071, ISSN: 1938-2707.

Langley EW, Gebretsadik T, Hartert TV, Peebles RS, Arnold DH. Exhaled nitric oxide is associated with severity of pediatric acute asthma exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract [print-electronic]. 2014 Sep; 2(5): 618-20.e1. PMID: 25213059, PMCID: PMC4163006, PII: S2213-2198(14)00141-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.04.004, ISSN: 2213-2201.

Dalabih AR, Bondi SA, Harris ZL, Saville BR, Wang W, Arnold DH. Aminophylline infusion for status asthmaticus in the pediatric critical care unit setting is independently associated with increased length of stay and time for symptom improvement. Pulm Pharmacol Ther [print-electronic]. 2014 Feb; 27(1): 57-61. PMID: 23523660, PMCID: PMC3732550, PII: S1094-5539(13)00075-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.03.001, ISSN: 1522-9629.

Roofe LR, Resha DJ, Abramo TJ, Arnold DH. Noninvasive bedside assessment of acute asthma severity using single-breath counting. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014 Jan; 30(1): 8-10. PMID: 24365723, DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000060, ISSN: 1535-1815.

Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Hartert TV. Spirometry and PRAM severity score changes during pediatric acute asthma exacerbation treatment in a pediatric emergency department. J Asthma [print-electronic]. 2013 Mar; 50(2): 204-8. PMID: 23259729, PMCID: PMC3769957, DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2012.752503, ISSN: 1532-4303.

Abramo TJ, Zhou C, Estrada C, Drayna PC, Locklair MR, Miller R, Pearson M, Tulipan N, Arnold DH. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation monitoring in pediatric malfunctioning shunt patients. Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Feb; 31(2): 365-74. PMID: 23154102, PMCID: PMC3949442, PII: S0735-6757(12)00468-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.09.006, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Drayna PC, Estrada C, Wang W, Saville BR, Arnold DH. Ketamine sedation is not associated with clinically meaningful elevation of intraocular pressure. Am J Emerg Med [print-electronic]. 2012 Sep; 30(7): 1215-8. PMID: 22169582, PMCID: PMC3761376, PII: S0735-6757(11)00268-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.001, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Abramo TJ, Sheller JR, Resha DJ, Hartert TV. The Acute Asthma Severity Assessment Protocol (AASAP) study: objectives and methods of a study to develop an acute asthma clinical prediction rule. Emerg Med J [print-electronic]. 2012 Jun; 29(6): 444-50. PMID: 21586757, PMCID: PMC3813951, PII: emj.2010.110957, DOI: 10.1136/emj.2010.110957, ISSN: 1472-0213.

Dalabih A, Harris ZL, Bondi SA, Arnold DH. Contemporary aminophylline use for status asthmaticus in pediatric ICUs [letter]. Chest. 2012 Apr; 141(4): 1122-3. PMID: 22474160, PMCID: PMC3318953, PII: S0012-3692(12)60247-5, DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-2873, ISSN: 1931-3543.

Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Abramo TJ, Hartert TV. Noninvasive testing of lung function and inflammation in pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbations. J Asthma [print-electronic]. 2012 Feb; 49(1): 29-35. PMID: 22133263, PMCID: PMC3813959, DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.637599, ISSN: 1532-4303.

Williams AM, Abramo TJ, Shah MV, Miller RA, Burney-Jones C, Rooks S, Estrada C, Arnold DH. Safety and clinical findings of BiPAP utilization in children 20 kg or less for asthma exacerbations. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2011 Aug; 37(8): 1338-43. PMID: 21567114, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2238-9, ISSN: 1432-1238.

Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Abramo TJ, Moons KG, Sheller JR, Hartert TV. The RAD score: a simple acute asthma severity score compares favorably to more complex scores. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol [print-electronic]. 2011 Jul; 107(1): 22-8. PMID: 21704881, PMCID: PMC3760486, PII: S1081-1206(11)00227-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.03.011, ISSN: 1534-4436.

Arnold DH, Moore PE, Abramo TJ, Hartert TV. The dilemma of albuterol dosing for acute asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients [letter]. Chest. 2011 Feb; 139(2): 472. PMID: 21285065, PMCID: PMC3032370, PII: S0012-3692(11)60097-4, DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-2163, ISSN: 1931-3543.

Arnold DH, Jenkins CA, Hartert TV. Noninvasive assessment of asthma severity using pulse oximeter plethysmograph estimate of pulsus paradoxus physiology. BMC Pulm Med. 2010 Mar 3/29/2010; 10: 17. PMID: 20350320, PMCID: PMC2855526, PII: 1471-2466-10-17, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-10-17, ISSN: 1471-2466.

Dexheimer JW, Arnold DH, Abramo TJ, Aronsky D. Development of an asthma management system in a pediatric emergency department. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2009 Nov 11/14/2009; 2009: 142-6. PMID: 20351838, PMCID: PMC2815470, ISSN: 1942-597X.

Gallion HR, Dupree LJ, Scott TA, Arnold DH. Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in female children and adolescents evaluated for possible sexual abuse: a comparison of the InPouch TV culture method and wet mount microscopy. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol [print-electronic]. 2009 Oct; 22(5): 300-5. PMID: 19576816, PII: S1083-3188(08)00346-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2008.12.006, ISSN: 1873-4332.

Pittard A, Abramo TJ, Arnold DH. A child with difficulty swallowing. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009 Aug; 25(8): 525-8. PMID: 19687713, PII: 00006565-200908000-00011, DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181b0a443, ISSN: 1535-1815.

Brywczynski J, Arnold DH. Shower steamer burns in a toddler: case report and brief review of steam burns in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008 Nov; 24(11): 782-4. PMID: 19018224, PII: 00006565-200811000-00012, DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31818d3b61, ISSN: 1535-1815.

Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Minton PA, Higgins S, Hartert TV. Assessment of severity measures for acute asthma outcomes: a first step in developing an asthma clinical prediction rule. Am J Emerg Med. 2008 May; 26(4): 473-9. PMID: 18410819, PMCID: PMC3760484, PII: S0735-6757(07)00345-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.05.026, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Spiro DM, Arnold DH. The concept and practice of a wait-and-see approach to acute otitis media. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2008 Feb; 20(1): 72-8. PMID: 18197043, PII: 00008480-200802000-00013, DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f2fa62, ISSN: 1040-8703.

Arnold DH, Spiro DM. Visual diagnosis: a 5-year-old child who has facial palsy and rash. Pediatr Rev. 2007 Dec; 28(12): 465-9. PMID: 18055646, PII: 28/12/465, DOI: 10.1542/pir.28-12-465, ISSN: 1526-3347.

Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Minton PA, Higgins S, Hartert TV. Clinical measures associated with FEV1 in persons with asthma requiring hospital admission. Am J Emerg Med. 2007 May; 25(4): 425-9. PMID: 17499661, PII: S0735-6757(06)00399-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2006.09.006, ISSN: 1532-8171.

Spiro DM, Tay KY, Arnold DH, Dziura JD, Baker MD, Shapiro ED. Wait-and-see prescription for the treatment of acute otitis media: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006 Sep 9/13/2006; 296(10): 1235-41. PMID: 16968847, PII: 296/10/1235, DOI: 10.1001/jama.296.10.1235, ISSN: 1538-3598.

Spiro DM, Schmidt JM, Arnold DH, Cartner SC, Yagmurlu A. Antibiotic-induced mesenteric adenopathy in an intussusception mouse model: a randomized, controlled trial. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2005 Jul; 41(1): 39-43. PMID: 15990628, PII: 00005176-200507000-00009, ISSN: 0277-2116.

Arnold DH, Spiro DM, Nichols MH, King WD. Availability and perceived competence of pediatricians to serve as child protection team medical consultants: a survey of practicing pediatricians. South. Med. J. 2005 Apr; 98(4): 423-8. PMID: 15898517, DOI: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000157561.22406.F7, ISSN: 0038-4348.

Arnold DH, Spiro DM, Desmond RA, Hagood JS. Estimation of airway obstruction using oximeter plethysmograph waveform data. Respir. Res. 2005; 6: 65. PMID: 15985171, PMCID: PMC1168908, PII: 1465-9921-6-65, DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-65, ISSN: 1465-993X.

Spiro DM, King WD, Arnold DH, Johnston C, Baldwin S. A randomized clinical trial to assess the effects of tympanometry on the diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul; 114(1): 177-81. PMID: 15231925, ISSN: 1098-4275.

Spiro DM, Arnold DH, Barbone F. Association between antibiotic use and primary idiopathic intussusception. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jan; 157(1): 54-9. PMID: 12517195, PII: poa20227, ISSN: 1072-4710.

Arnold DH. Consultation with the specialist: the central serotonin syndrome: paradigm for psychotherapeutic misadventure. Pediatr Rev. 2002 Dec; 23(12): 427-32. PMID: 12456895, ISSN: 1526-3347.