Mark S. McClain, Ph.D.

Research Professor

mark.s.mcclain@vanderbilt.edu
Faculty Appointments
Research Professor of Medicine
Education
Ph.D., Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganB.S., Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Office Address
Division of Infectious Disease
A2200 Medical Center North
1161 21st Ave. North
Nashville, TN 37232-2605
Research Description
My research career has centered on bacterial pathogenesis. Recent studies have focused on lipoprotein synthesis and localization in Helicobacter pylori. Lipoproteins are post-translationally modified, contribute to pathogenesis in diverse ways, and stimulate the host innate immune response. Through studying lipoprotein localization and immune signaling, we hope to better understand long-term persistence of H. pylori leading to gastric cancer and identify new targets for antimicrobial intervention. Other recent studies have focused on toxins and virulence factors produced by H. pylori and Clostridium perfringens, and strategies to combat bacterial sepsis.
Research Keywords
bacterial pathogenesis and bacterial protein toxins
Publications
Westland MD, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, McClain MS, Cover TL. Taurine modulates host cell responses to Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin. Infect Immun [print-electronic]. 2024 Aug 8/13/2024; 92(8): e0022424. PMID: 38975764, PMCID: PMC11320975, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00224-24, ISSN: 1098-5522.

McClain MS, Boeglin WE, Algood HMS, Brash AR. Fatty acids of Helicobacter pylori lipoproteins CagT and Lpp20. Microbiol Spectr [print-electronic]. 2024 May 5/2/2024; 12(5): e0047024. PMID: 38501821, PMCID: PMC11064636, DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00470-24, ISSN: 2165-0497.

Shuman JHB, Lin AS, Westland MD, Bryant KN, Piazuelo MB, Reyzer ML, Judd AM, McDonald WH, McClain MS, Schey KL, Algood HMS, Cover TL. Remodeling of the gastric environment in Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis. MSystems [print-electronic]. 2024 Jan 1/23/2024; 9(1): e0109823. PMID: 38059647, PMCID: PMC10805037, DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01098-23, ISSN: 2379-5077.

Jung MS, Piazuelo MB, Brackman LC, McClain MS, Algood HMS. Essential role of Helicobacter pylori apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase (Lnt) in stomach colonization. Infect Immun [print-electronic]. 2023 Dec 12/12/2023; 91(12): e0036923. PMID: 37937999, PMCID: PMC10715074, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00369-23, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Tran SC, McClain MS, Cover TL. Role of the CagY antenna projection in Helicobacter pylori Cag type IV secretion system activity. Infect Immun [print-electronic]. 2023 Sep 9/14/2023; 91(9): e0015023. PMID: 37638724, PMCID: PMC10501215, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00150-23, ISSN: 1098-5522.

McClain MS, Bryant KN, McDonald WH, Algood HMS, Cover TL. Identification of an Essential LolD-Like Protein in Helicobacter pylori. J Bacteriol [print-electronic]. 2023 Apr 4/25/2023; 205(4): e0005223. PMID: 36971548, PMCID: PMC10127691, DOI: 10.1128/jb.00052-23, ISSN: 1098-5530.

Loh JT, Struttmann EL, Favret N, Harvey ML, Pakala SB, Chopra A, McClain MS, Cover TL. A Positively Selected fur-R88H Mutation Enhances Helicobacter pylori Fitness in a High-Salt Environment and Alters Fur-Dependent Regulation of Gene Expression. Infect Immun [print-electronic]. 2023 Feb 2/16/2023; 91(2): e0042022. PMID: 36633416, PMCID: PMC9933627, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00420-22, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Loh JT, Shuman JHB, Lin AS, Favret N, Piazuelo MB, Mallal S, Chopra A, McClain MS, Cover TL. Positive Selection of Mutations in the Helicobacter pylori katA 5' Untranslated Region in a Mongolian Gerbil Model of Gastric Disease. Infect Immun [print-electronic]. 2022 Jul 7/21/2022; 90(7): e0000422. PMID: 35652648, PMCID: PMC9302185, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00004-22, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Caso GC, McClain MS, Erwin AL, Truelock MD, Campbell AM, Leasure CS, Nagel M, Schey KL, Lacy DB, Ohi MD, Cover TL. Functional Properties of Oligomeric and Monomeric Forms of Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin. Infect Immun [print-electronic]. 2021 Nov 11/16/2021; 89(12): e0034821. PMID: 34543122, PMCID: PMC8594603, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00348-21, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Harvey ML, Lin AS, Sun L, Koyama T, Shuman JHB, Loh JT, Algood HMS, Scholz MB, McClain MS, Cover TL. Enhanced Fitness of a Helicobacter pylori babA Mutant in a Murine Model. Infect Immun [print-electronic]. 2021 Sep 9/16/2021; 89(10): e0072520. PMID: 34310886, PMCID: PMC8445181, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00725-20, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Loh JT, Shum MV, Jossart SDR, Campbell AM, Sawhney N, McDonald WH, Scholz MB, McClain MS, Forsyth MH, Cover TL. Delineation of the pH-Responsive Regulon Controlled by the Helicobacter pylori ArsRS Two-Component System. Infect Immun [electronic-print]. 2021 Mar 3/17/2021; 89(4): PMID: 33526561, PMCID: PMC8090972, PII: IAI.00597-20, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00597-20, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Batcho EC, Miller S, Cover TL, McClain MS, Marasco C, Bell CS, Giorgio TD. Inertial-based Fluidic Platform for Rapid Isolation of Blood-borne Pathogens. Mil Med. 2021 Jan 1/25/2021; 186(Suppl 1): 129-36. PMID: 33499487, PII: 6119463, DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa442, ISSN: 1930-613X.

Lin AS, McClain MS, Beckett AC, Caston RR, Harvey ML, Dixon BREA, Campbell AM, Shuman JHB, Sawhney N, Delgado AG, Loh JT, Piazuelo MB, Algood HMS, Cover TL. Temporal Control of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System in a Mongolian Gerbil Model of Gastric Carcinogenesis. MBio. 2020 Jun 6/30/2020; 11(3): PMID: 32605987, PMCID: PMC7327173, PII: mBio.01296-20, DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01296-20, ISSN: 2150-7511.

Caston RR, Sierra JC, Foegeding NJ, Truelock MD, Campbell AM, Frick-Cheng AE, Bimczok D, Wilson KT, McClain MS, Cover TL. Functional Properties of Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin m1 and m2 Variants. Infect Immun [electronic-print]. 2020 May 5/20/2020; 88(6): PMID: 32284370, PMCID: PMC7240096, PII: IAI.00032-20, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00032-20, ISSN: 1098-5522.

McClain MS, Voss BJ, Cover TL. Lipoprotein Processing and Sorting in Helicobacter pylori. MBio. 2020 May 5/19/2020; 11(3): PMID: 32430470, PMCID: PMC7240156, PII: mBio.00911-20, DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00911-20, ISSN: 2150-7511.

Lin AS, Dooyema SDR, Frick-Cheng AE, Harvey ML, Suarez G, Loh JT, McDonald WH, McClain MS, Peek RM, Cover TL. Bacterial Energetic Requirements for Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System-Dependent Alterations in Gastric Epithelial Cells. Infect Immun [electronic-print]. 2020 Jan 1/22/2020; 88(2): PMID: 31712269, PMCID: PMC6977121, PII: IAI.00790-19, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00790-19, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Caston RR, Loh JT, Voss BJ, McDonald WH, Scholz MB, McClain MS, Cover TL. Effect of environmental salt concentration on the Helicobacter pylori exoproteome. J Proteomics [print-electronic]. 2019 Jun 6/30/2019; 202: 103374. PMID: 31063819, PMCID: PMC6544391, PII: S1874-3919(19)30147-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.05.002, ISSN: 1876-7737.

Loh JT, Lin AS, Beckett AC, McClain MS, Cover TL. Role of a Stem-Loop Structure in Helicobacter pylori cagA Transcript Stability. Infect Immun [electronic-print]. 2019 Feb; 87(2): PMID: 30510104, PMCID: PMC6346133, PII: IAI.00692-18, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00692-18, ISSN: 1098-5522.

McClain MS, Beckett AC, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Toxin and Gastric Cancer. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Oct 10/12/2017; 9(10): PMID: 29023421, PMCID: PMC5666363, PII: toxins9100316, DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100316, ISSN: 2072-6651.

Bell CS, Mejías R, Miller SE, Greer JM, McClain MS, Cover TL, Giorgio TD. Magnetic Extraction of Acinetobacter baumannii Using Colistin-Functionalized ¿-Fe2O3/Au Core/Shell Composite Nanoclusters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces [print-electronic]. 2017 Aug 8/16/2017; 9(32): 26719-30. PMID: 28696672, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07304, ISSN: 1944-8252.

Bullock KK, Shaffer CL, Brooks AW, Secka O, Forsyth MH, McClain MS, Cover TL. Genetic signatures for Helicobacter pylori strains of West African origin. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11): e0188804. PMID: 29186206, PMCID: PMC5706691, PII: PONE-D-17-32234, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188804, ISSN: 1932-6203.

González-Rivera C, Campbell AM, Rutherford SA, Pyburn TM, Foegeding NJ, Barke TL, Spiller BW, McClain MS, Ohi MD, Lacy DB, Cover TL. A Nonoligomerizing Mutant Form of Helicobacter pylori VacA Allows Structural Analysis of the p33 Domain. Infect. Immun [electronic-print]. 2016 Sep; 84(9): 2662-70. PMID: 27382020, PMCID: PMC4995914, PII: IAI.00254-16, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00254-16, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Foegeding NJ, Caston RR, McClain MS, Ohi MD, Cover TL. An Overview of Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin Biology. Toxins (Basel). 2016; 8(6): PMID: 27271669, PII: toxins8060173, DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060173, ISSN: 2072-6651.

Miller SE, Bell CS, McClain MS, Cover TL, Giorgio TD. Dynamic Computational Model of Symptomatic Bacteremia to Inform Bacterial Separation Treatment Requirements. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(9): e0163167. PMID: 27657881, PII: PONE-D-16-28144, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163167, ISSN: 1932-6203.

Rumah KR, Ma Y, Linden JR, Oo ML, Anrather J, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Alonso MA, Fischetti VA, McClain MS, Vartanian T. The Myelin and Lymphocyte Protein MAL Is Required for Binding and Activity of Clostridium perfringens e-Toxin. PLoS Pathog. 2015 May; 11(5): e1004896. PMID: 25993478, PMCID: PMC4439126, PII: PPATHOGENS-D-13-03285, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004896, ISSN: 1553-7374.

Radin JN, González-Rivera C, Frick-Cheng AE, Sheng J, Gaddy JA, Rubin DH, Algood HM, McClain MS, Cover TL. Role of connexin 43 in Helicobacter pylori VacA-induced cell death. Infect. Immun [print-electronic]. 2014 Jan; 82(1): 423-32. PMID: 24191302, PMCID: PMC3911829, PII: IAI.00827-13, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00827-13, ISSN: 1098-5522.

McClain MS, Duncan SS, Gaddy JA, Cover TL. Control of gene expression in Helicobacter pylori using the Tet repressor. J. Microbiol. Methods [print-electronic]. 2013 Dec; 95(3): 336-41. PMID: 24113399, PMCID: PMC3856897, PII: S0167-7012(13)00302-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.09.019, ISSN: 1872-8359.

Duncan SS, Bertoli MT, Kersulyte D, Valk PL, Tamma S, Segal I, McClain MS, Cover TL, Berg DE. Genome Sequences of Three hpAfrica2 Strains of Helicobacter pylori. Genome Announc. 2013; 1(5): PMID: 24072860, PMCID: PMC3784780, PII: 1/5/e00729-13, DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00729-13, ISSN: 2169-8287.

Duncan SS, Valk PL, McClain MS, Shaffer CL, Metcalf JA, Bordenstein SR, Cover TL. Comparative genomic analysis of East Asian and non-Asian Helicobacter pylori strains identifies rapidly evolving genes. PLoS ONE [print-electronic]. 2013; 8(1): e55120. PMID: 23383074, PMCID: PMC3561388, PII: PONE-D-12-28737, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055120, ISSN: 1932-6203.

Ivie SE, McClain MS. Identification of amino acids important for binding of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin to host cells and to HAVCR1. Biochemistry [print-electronic]. 2012 Sep 9/25/2012; 51(38): 7588-95. PMID: 22938730, PMCID: PMC3534817, DOI: 10.1021/bi300690a, ISSN: 1520-4995.

González-Rivera C, Algood HM, Radin JN, McClain MS, Cover TL. The intermediate region of Helicobacter pylori VacA is a determinant of toxin potency in a Jurkat T cell assay. Infect. Immun [print-electronic]. 2012 Aug; 80(8): 2578-88. PMID: 22585965, PMCID: PMC3434591, PII: IAI.00052-12, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00052-12, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Fennessey CM, Ivie SE, McClain MS. Coenzyme depletion by members of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins leads to diminished ATP levels and cell death. Mol Biosyst [print-electronic]. 2012 Aug; 8(8): 2097-105. PMID: 22688384, PMCID: PMC3759351, DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25142f, ISSN: 1742-2051.

Fennessey CM, Sheng J, Rubin DH, McClain MS. Oligomerization of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin is dependent upon caveolins 1 and 2. PLoS ONE [print-electronic]. 2012; 7(10): e46866. PMID: 23056496, PMCID: PMC3462777, PII: PONE-D-12-17436, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046866, ISSN: 1932-6203.

Loh JT, Shaffer CL, Piazuelo MB, Bravo LE, McClain MS, Correa P, Cover TL. Analysis of cagA in Helicobacter pylori strains from Colombian populations with contrasting gastric cancer risk reveals a biomarker for disease severity. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev [print-electronic]. 2011 Oct; 20(10): 2237-49. PMID: 21859954, PMCID: PMC3189306, PII: 1055-9965.EPI-11-0548, DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0548, ISSN: 1538-7755.

Shaffer CL, Gaddy JA, Loh JT, Johnson EM, Hill S, Hennig EE, McClain MS, McDonald WH, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori exploits a unique repertoire of type IV secretion system components for pilus assembly at the bacteria-host cell interface. PLoS Pathog [print-electronic]. 2011 Sep; 7(9): e1002237. PMID: 21909278, PMCID: PMC3164655, PII: PPATHOGENS-D-11-00533, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002237, ISSN: 1553-7374.

Radin JN, González-Rivera C, Ivie SE, McClain MS, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori VacA induces programmed necrosis in gastric epithelial cells. Infect. Immun [print-electronic]. 2011 Jul; 79(7): 2535-43. PMID: 21482684, PMCID: PMC3191986, PII: IAI.01370-10, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01370-10, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Ivie SE, Fennessey CM, Sheng J, Rubin DH, McClain MS. Gene-trap mutagenesis identifies mammalian genes contributing to intoxication by Clostridium perfringens e-toxin. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(3): e17787. PMID: 21412435, PMCID: PMC3055893, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017787, ISSN: 1932-6203.

González-Rivera C, Gangwer KA, McClain MS, Eli IM, Chambers MG, Ohi MD, Lacy DB, Cover TL. Reconstitution of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin from purified components. Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 7/13/2010; 49(27): 5743-52. PMID: 20527875, PMCID: PMC2910095, DOI: 10.1021/bi100618g, ISSN: 1520-4995.

Lewis M, Weaver CD, McClain MS. Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Clostridium perfringens e-Toxin Cytotoxicity Using a Cell-Based High-Throughput Screen. Toxins (Basel). 2010 Jul 7/1/2010; 2(7): 1825-47. PMID: 20721308, PMCID: PMC2922765, DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071825, ISSN: 2072-6651.

Ivie SE, McClain MS, Algood HM, Lacy DB, Cover TL. Analysis of a beta-helical region in the p55 domain of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. BMC Microbiol. 2010; 10: 60. PMID: 20178613, PMCID: PMC2836311, PII: 1471-2180-10-60, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-60, ISSN: 1471-2180.

Pelish TM, McClain MS. Dominant-negative inhibitors of the Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. J. Biol. Chem [print-electronic]. 2009 Oct 10/23/2009; 284(43): 29446-53. PMID: 19720828, PMCID: PMC2785577, PII: M109.021782, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M109.021782, ISSN: 1083-351X.

McClain MS, Shaffer CL, Israel DA, Peek RM, Cover TL. Genome sequence analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains associated with gastric ulceration and gastric cancer. BMC Genomics. 2009; 10: 3. PMID: 19123947, PMCID: PMC2627912, PII: 1471-2164-10-3, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-3, ISSN: 1471-2164.

Loh JT, Torres VJ, Algood HM, McClain MS, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori HopQ outer membrane protein attenuates bacterial adherence to gastric epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2008 Dec; 289(1): 53-8. PMID: 19065710, PMCID: PMC2651568, ISSN: 0378-1097.

Ivie SE, McClain MS, Torres VJ, Algood HM, Lacy DB, Yang R, Blanke SR, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori VacA subdomain required for intracellular toxin activity and assembly of functional oligomeric complexes. Infect. Immun [print-electronic]. 2008 Jul; 76(7): 2843-51. PMID: 18443094, PMCID: PMC2446698, PII: IAI.01664-07, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01664-07, ISSN: 1098-5522.

Gangwer KA, Mushrush DJ, Stauff DL, Spiller B, McClain MS, Cover TL, Lacy DB. Crystal structure of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin p55 domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A [print-electronic]. 2007 Oct 10/9/2007; 104(41): 16293-8. PMID: 17911250, PMCID: PMC2042200, PII: 0707447104, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707447104, ISSN: 0027-8424.

McClain MS, Cover TL. Functional analysis of neutralizing antibodies against Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. Infect. Immun [print-electronic]. 2007 Apr; 75(4): 1785-93. PMID: 17261609, PMCID: PMC1865726, PII: IAI.01643-06, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01643-06, ISSN: 0019-9567.

McClain MS, Czajkowsky DM, Torres VJ, Szabo G, Shao Z, Cover TL. Random mutagenesis of Helicobacter pylori vacA to identify amino acids essential for vacuolating cytotoxic activity. Infect. Immun [print-electronic]. 2006 Nov; 74(11): 6188-95. PMID: 16954403, PMCID: PMC1695532, PII: IAI.00915-06, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00915-06, ISSN: 0019-9567.

Busler VJ, Torres VJ, McClain MS, Tirado O, Friedman DB, Cover TL. Protein-protein interactions among Helicobacter pylori cag proteins. J. Bacteriol. 2006 Jul; 188(13): 4787-800. PMID: 16788188, PMCID: PMC1482994, PII: 188/13/4787, DOI: 10.1128/JB.00066-06, ISSN: 0021-9193.

Torres VJ, McClain MS, Cover TL. Mapping of a domain required for protein-protein interactions and inhibitory activity of a Helicobacter pylori dominant-negative VacA mutant protein. Infect. Immun. 2006 Apr; 74(4): 2093-101. PMID: 16552038, PMCID: PMC1418911, PII: 74/4/2093, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.74.4.2093-2101.2006, ISSN: 0019-9567.

Torres VJ, Ivie SE, McClain MS, Cover TL. Functional properties of the p33 and p55 domains of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin. J. Biol. Chem [print-electronic]. 2005 Jun 6/3/2005; 280(22): 21107-14. PMID: 15817461, PII: M501042200, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M501042200, ISSN: 0021-9258.

Torres VJ, McClain MS, Cover TL. Interactions between p-33 and p-55 domains of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA). J. Biol. Chem [print-electronic]. 2004 Jan 1/16/2004; 279(3): 2324-31. PMID: 14593124, PII: M310159200, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M310159200, ISSN: 0021-9258.

McClain MS, Iwamoto H, Cao P, Vinion-Dubiel AD, Li Y, Szabo G, Shao Z, Cover TL. Essential role of a GXXXG motif for membrane channel formation by Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. J. Biol. Chem [print-electronic]. 2003 Apr 4/4/2003; 278(14): 12101-8. PMID: 12562777, PII: M212595200, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M212595200, ISSN: 0021-9258.

McClain MS, Cover TL. Expression of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin in Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 2003 Apr; 71(4): 2266-71. PMID: 12654854, PMCID: PMC152094, ISSN: 0019-9567.

Schraw W, Li Y, McClain MS, van der Goot FG, Cover TL. Association of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) with lipid rafts. J. Biol. Chem [print-electronic]. 2002 Sep 9/13/2002; 277(37): 34642-50. PMID: 12121984, PII: M203466200, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M203466200, ISSN: 0021-9258.

McClain MS, Cao P, Iwamoto H, Vinion-Dubiel AD, Szabo G, Shao Z, Cover TL. A 12-amino-acid segment, present in type s2 but not type s1 Helicobacter pylori VacA proteins, abolishes cytotoxin activity and alters membrane channel formation. J. Bacteriol. 2001 Nov; 183(22): 6499-508. PMID: 11673417, PMCID: PMC95478, DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.22.6499-6508.2001, ISSN: 0021-9193.

Vinion-Dubiel AD, McClain MS, Cao P, Mernaugh RL, Cover TL. Antigenic diversity among Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxins. Infect. Immun. 2001 Jul; 69(7): 4329-36. PMID: 11401970, PMCID: PMC98503, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.7.4329-4336.2001, ISSN: 0019-9567.

McClain MS, Cao P, Cover TL. Amino-terminal hydrophobic region of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) mediates transmembrane protein dimerization. Infect. Immun. 2001 Feb; 69(2): 1181-4. PMID: 11160018, PMCID: PMC98002, DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.2.1181-1184.2001, ISSN: 0019-9567.

McClain MS, Schraw W, Ricci V, Boquet P, Cover TL. Acid activation of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) results in toxin internalization by eukaryotic cells. Mol. Microbiol. 2000 Jul; 37(2): 433-42. PMID: 10931337, PII: mmi2013, ISSN: 0950-382X.

Vinion-Dubiel AD, McClain MS, Czajkowsky DM, Iwamoto H, Ye D, Cao P, Schraw W, Szabo G, Blanke SR, Shao Z, Cover TL. A dominant negative mutant of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) inhibits VacA-induced cell vacuolation. J. Biol. Chem. 1999 Dec 12/31/1999; 274(53): 37736-42. PMID: 10608833, ISSN: 0021-9258.

Schraw W, McClain MS, Cover TL. Kinetics and mechanisms of extracellular protein release by Helicobacter pylori. Infect. Immun. 1999 Oct; 67(10): 5247-52. PMID: 10496902, PMCID: PMC96877, ISSN: 0019-9567.

Cao P, McClain MS, Forsyth MH, Cover TL. Extracellular release of antigenic proteins by Helicobacter pylori. Infect. Immun. 1998 Jun; 66(6): 2984-6. PMID: 9596777, PMCID: PMC108299, ISSN: 0019-9567.

Brieland JK, Fantone JC, Remick DG, LeGendre M, McClain M, Engleberg NC. The role of Legionella pneumophila-infected Hartmannella vermiformis as an infectious particle in a murine model of Legionnaire's disease. Infect. Immun. 1997 Dec; 65(12): 5330-3. PMID: 9393834, PMCID: PMC175767, ISSN: 0019-9567.

Brieland J, McClain M, LeGendre M, Engleberg C. Intrapulmonary Hartmannella vermiformis: a potential niche for Legionella pneumophila replication in a murine model of legionellosis. Infect. Immun. 1997 Nov; 65(11): 4892-6. PMID: 9353084, PMCID: PMC175705, ISSN: 0019-9567.

Brieland JK, Heath LA, Huffnagle GB, Remick DG, McClain MS, Hurley MC, Kunkel RK, Fantone JC, Engleberg C. Humoral immunity and regulation of intrapulmonary growth of Legionella pneumophila in the immunocompetent host. J. Immunol. 1996 Dec 12/1/1996; 157(11): 5002-8. PMID: 8943407, ISSN: 0022-1767.

Brieland J, McClain M, Heath L, Chrisp C, Huffnagle G, LeGendre M, Hurley M, Fantone J, Engleberg C. Coinoculation with Hartmannella vermiformis enhances replicative Legionella pneumophila lung infection in a murine model of Legionnaires' disease. Infect. Immun. 1996 Jul; 64(7): 2449-56. PMID: 8698466, PMCID: PMC174097, ISSN: 0019-9567.

McClain MS, Hurley MC, Brieland JK, Engleberg NC. The Legionella pneumophila hel locus encodes intracellularly induced homologs of heavy-metal ion transporters of Alcaligenes spp. Infect. Immun. 1996 May; 64(5): 1532-40. PMID: 8613357, PMCID: PMC173958, ISSN: 0019-9567.

McClain MS, Engleberg NC. Construction of an alkaline phosphatase fusion-generating transposon, mTn10phoA. Gene. 1996 Apr 4/17/1996; 170(1): 147-8. PMID: 8621078, PII: 037811199500856X, ISSN: 0378-1119.

Arroyo J, Hurley MC, Wolf M, McClain MS, Eisenstein BI, Engleberg NC. Shuttle mutagenesis of Legionella pneumophila: identification of a gene associated with host cell cytopathicity. Infect. Immun. 1994 Sep; 62(9): 4075-80. PMID: 8063428, PMCID: PMC303072, ISSN: 0019-9567.

McClain MS, Blomfield IC, Eberhardt KJ, Eisenstein BI. Inversion-independent phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 1993 Jul; 175(14): 4335-44. PMID: 8101185, PMCID: PMC204873, ISSN: 0021-9193.

Blomfield IC, Calie PJ, Eberhardt KJ, McClain MS, Eisenstein BI. Lrp stimulates phase variation of type 1 fimbriation in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 1993 Jan; 175(1): 27-36. PMID: 8093239, PMCID: PMC196094, ISSN: 0021-9193.

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