Faculty Appointments
Professor of Anesthesiology
Professor of Surgery
Education
M.S.C.I., Masters of Science and Clinical Investigation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TennesseeM.D., Nagpur University, Amravati, India
Office Address
1211 21st Ave South
Nashville, TN 1120
Nashville, TN 1120
Publications
Hughes CG, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Ware LB, Ely EW, Girard TD. Endothelial Activation and Blood-Brain Barrier Injury as Risk Factors for Delirium in Critically Ill Patients. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Sep; 44(9): e809-17. PMID: 27088157, PMCID: PMC4987204, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001739, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Humble SS, Wilson LD, Leath TC, Marshall MD, Sun DZ, Pandharipande PP, Patel MB. ICU sedation with dexmedetomidine after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj [print-electronic]. 2016 Jul 7/26/2016; 1-5. PMID: 27458990, DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1187289, ISSN: 1362-301X.
Hughes CG, Patel MB, Jackson JC, Girard TD, Geevarghese SK, Norman BC, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Brummel NE, May AK, Elstad MR, Wasserstein ML, Goodman RB, Moons KG, Dittus RS, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, . Surgery and Anesthesia Exposure Is Not a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment After Major Noncardiac Surgery and Critical Illness. Ann. Surg [print-electronic]. 2016 Jul 7/18/2016; PMID: 27433893, DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001885, ISSN: 1528-1140.
Patel MB, Jackson JC, Morandi A, Girard TD, Hughes CG, Thompson JL, Kiehl AL, Elstad MR, Wasserstein ML, Goodman RB, Beckham JC, Chandrasekhar R, Dittus RS, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Incidence and Risk Factors for Intensive Care Unit-related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans and Civilians. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jun 6/15/2016; 193(12): 1373-81. PMID: 26735627, PMCID: PMC4910886, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201506-1158OC, ISSN: 1535-4970.
Vincent JL, Shehabi Y, Walsh TS, Pandharipande PP, Ball JA, Spronk P, Longrois D, Strøm T, Conti G, Funk GC, Badenes R, Mantz J, Spies C, Takala J. Comfort and patient-centred care without excessive sedation: the eCASH concept. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2016 Jun; 42(6): 962-71. PMID: 27075762, PMCID: PMC4846689, PII: 10.1007/s00134-016-4297-4, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4297-4, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Norman BC, Jackson JC, Graves JA, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Brummel NE, Wang L, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Ely EW. Employment Outcomes After Critical Illness: An Analysis of the Bringing to Light the Risk Factors and Incidence of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in ICU Survivors Cohort. Crit. Care Med [print-electronic]. 2016 May 5/11/2016; PMID: 27171492, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001849, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. The Evolving Approach to Brain Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients [editorial]. JAMA. 2016 Apr 4/12/2016; 315(14): 1455-6. PMID: 26976552, PII: 2503417, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.2708, ISSN: 1538-3598.
Smith HA, Gangopadhyay M, Goben CM, Jacobowski NL, Chestnut MH, Savage S, Rutherford MT, Denton D, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Acton M, Newman J, Noori HP, Terrell MK, Williams SR, Griffith K, Cooper TJ, Ely EW, Fuchs DC, Pandharipande PP. The Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU: Valid and Reliable Delirium Monitoring for Critically Ill Infants and Children. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Mar; 44(3): 592-600. PMID: 26565631, PMCID: PMC4764386, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001428, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Choi L, Ferrell BA, Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Heltsley R, Ely EW, Stein CM, Girard TD. Population Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl in the Critically Ill. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jan; 44(1): 64-72. PMID: 26491862, PMCID: PMC4755937, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001347, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Tsuruta R, Ely EW, Girard TD. Validity of a Modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score Using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jan; 44(1): 138-46. PMID: 26457749, PMCID: PMC4748963, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001375, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Cropsey C, Kennedy J, Han J, Pandharipande P. Cognitive Dysfunction, Delirium, and Stroke in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2015 Dec; 19(4): 309-17. PMID: 26660055, PII: 19/4/309, DOI: 10.1177/1089253215570062, ISSN: 1940-5596.
Morandi A, Brummel NE, Pandharipande P. Melatonin and the future of critically ill patients' outcomes [editorial]. Minerva Anestesiol [print-electronic]. 2015 Dec; 81(12): 1277-9. PMID: 26505226, PII: R02Y9999N00A150143, ISSN: 1827-1596.
Hughes CG, Brummel NE, Girard TD, Graves AJ, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Change in endothelial vascular reactivity and acute brain dysfunction during critical illness [letter]. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Nov; 115(5): 794-5. PMID: 26475809, PMCID: PMC4608489, PII: aev332, DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev332, ISSN: 1471-6771.
Card E, Pandharipande P, Tomes C, Lee C, Wood J, Nelson D, Graves A, Shintani A, Ely EW, Hughes C. Emergence from general anaesthesia and evolution of delirium signs in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Br J Anaesth [print-electronic]. 2015 Sep; 115(3): 411-7. PMID: 25540068, PMCID: PMC4533730, PII: aeu442, DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu442, ISSN: 1471-6771.
Saied N, Helwani MA, Pandharipande PP. Intraoperative protective ventilation: too early to redefine management parameters? [letter]. BMJ. 2015; 351: h5126. PMID: 26424717, ISSN: 1756-1833.
Inoue S, Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Graves AJ, Thompson J, Shintani A, Ely EW. The impact of lymphopenia on delirium in ICU patients. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(5): e0126216. PMID: 25992641, PMCID: PMC4439144, PII: PONE-D-15-01328, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126216, ISSN: 1932-6203.
Sanders RD, Coburn M, Cunningham C, Pandharipande P. Risk factors for postoperative delirium. Lancet Psychiatry [print-electronic]. 2014 Nov; 1(6): 404-6. PMID: 26361180, PII: S2215-0366(14)00012-1, DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00012-1, ISSN: 2215-0374.
Andresen JM, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Davidson MA, Ely EW, Watson PL. Burst suppression on processed electroencephalography as a predictor of postcoma delirium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Oct; 42(10): 2244-51. PMID: 25072756, PMCID: PMC4493889, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000522, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Hughes CG, Thompson JL, Pandharipande PP, Shintani AK, Vasilevskis EE, Han JH, Jackson JC, Laskowitz DT, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Statins and delirium during critical illness: a multicenter, prospective cohort study. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Aug; 42(8): 1899-909. PMID: 24810528, PMCID: PMC4103957, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000398, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG, Girard TD. Only a small subset of sedation-related delirium is innocuous: we cannot let our guard down [letter]. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Jun 6/1/2014; 189(11): 1443-4. PMID: 24881944, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0506LE, ISSN: 1535-4970.
Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Brummel NE, Thompson JL, Hughes CG, Pun BT, Vasilevskis EE, Morandi A, Shintani AK, Hopkins RO, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and functional disability in survivors of critical illness in the BRAIN-ICU study: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Respir Med [print-electronic]. 2014 May; 2(5): 369-79. PMID: 24815803, PMCID: PMC4107313, PII: S2213-2600(14)70051-7, DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70051-7, ISSN: 2213-2619.
Patel MB, Laudanski K, Pandharipande PP. An international career development survey of critical care practitioners*. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Apr; 42(4): e300-3. PMID: 24335441, PMCID: PMC3959251, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000137, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Brummel NE, Girard TD, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Morandi A, Hughes CG, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Murphy E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Dittus RS, Jackson JC. Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients: the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2014 Mar; 40(3): 370-9. PMID: 24257969, PMCID: PMC3943568, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-3136-0, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus RS, Gill TM, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Feb; 42(2): 369-77. PMID: 24158172, PMCID: PMC3947028, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a645bd, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Coburn M, Pandharipande PP, Sanders RD. Are we offtrack using propofol for sedation after traumatic brain injury? [editorial]. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Jan; 42(1): 211-2. PMID: 24346532, PII: 00003246-201401000-00035, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000009, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Sanders RD, Coburn M, Pandharipande PP. Neural and immune consequences of traumatic brain injury: does propofol reduce the impact? [editorial]. Anesthesiology. 2013 Dec; 119(6): 1241-3. PMID: 24113646, DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000019, ISSN: 1528-1175.
Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Morandi A, Thompson JL, Pun BT, Brummel NE, Hughes CG, Vasilevskis EE, Shintani AK, Moons KG, Geevarghese SK, Canonico A, Hopkins RO, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013 Oct 10/3/2013; 369(14): 1306-16. PMID: 24088092, PMCID: PMC3922401, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301372, ISSN: 1533-4406.
Hughes CG, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP. Daily sedation interruption versus targeted light sedation strategies in ICU patients. Crit. Care Med. 2013 Sep; 41(9 Suppl 1): S39-45. PMID: 23989094, PII: 00003246-201309001-00004, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a168c5, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Watson PL, Pandharipande P, Gehlbach BK, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus BS, Bernard GR, Malow BA, Ely EW. Atypical sleep in ventilated patients: empirical electroencephalography findings and the path toward revised ICU sleep scoring criteria. Crit. Care Med. 2013 Aug; 41(8): 1958-67. PMID: 23863228, PMCID: PMC3875326, PII: 00003246-201308000-00016, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828a3f75, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Watson PL, Pandharipande P, Gehlbach BK, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus BS, Bernard GR, Malow BA, Ely EW. Atypical Sleep in Ventilated Patients: Empirical Electroencephalography Findings and the Path Toward Revised ICU Sleep Scoring Criteria. Crit. Care Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Jun 6/12/2013; PMID: 23764974, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b01e1828af75, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Smith HA, Brink E, Fuchs DC, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Pediatric delirium: monitoring and management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr. Clin. North Am [print-electronic]. 2013 Jun; 60(3): 741-60. PMID: 23639666, PII: S0031-3955(13)00024-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.02.010, ISSN: 1557-8240.
Smith HA, Berutti T, Brink E, Strohler B, Fuchs DC, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Pediatric critical care perceptions on analgesia, sedation, and delirium. Semin Respir Crit Care Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Apr; 34(2): 244-61. PMID: 23716315, DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1342987, ISSN: 1098-9048.
Hughes CG, Morandi A, Girard TD, Riedel B, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Pun BT, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Association between endothelial dysfunction and acute brain dysfunction during critical illness. Anesthesiology. 2013 Mar; 118(3): 631-9. PMID: 23263016, PMCID: PMC3580006, DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827bd193, ISSN: 1528-1175.
McPherson JA, Wagner CE, Boehm LM, Hall JD, Johnson DC, Miller LR, Burns KM, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Delirium in the cardiovascular ICU: exploring modifiable risk factors. Crit. Care Med. 2013 Feb; 41(2): 405-13. PMID: 23263581, PMCID: PMC3557701, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31826ab49b, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Girard TD, Ware LB, Bernard GR, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Associations of markers of inflammation and coagulation with delirium during critical illness. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 38(12): 1965-73. PMID: 22903241, PMCID: PMC3606929, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2678-x, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Schiro E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Ely EW. A combined early cognitive and physical rehabilitation program for people who are critically ill: the activity and cognitive therapy in the intensive care unit (ACT-ICU) trial. Phys Ther [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 92(12): 1580-92. PMID: 22577067, PMCID: PMC3513484, PII: ptj.20110414, DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20110414, ISSN: 1538-6724.
Hughes CG, Patel MB, Pandharipande PP. Pathophysiology of acute brain dysfunction: what's the cause of all this confusion?. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2012 Oct; 18(5): 518-26. PMID: 22941208, DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e328357effa, ISSN: 1531-7072.
Hughes CG, Brummel NE, Vasilevskis EE, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP. Future directions of delirium research and management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Sep; 26(3): 395-405. PMID: 23040289, PMCID: PMC3638881, PII: S1521-6896(12)00054-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2012.08.004, ISSN: 1878-1608.
Gunther ML, Morandi A, Krauskopf E, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Merkle K, Cannistraci CJ, Rogers BP, Gatenby JC, Heckers S, Gore JC, Hopkins RO, Ely EW, . The association between brain volumes, delirium duration, and cognitive outcomes in intensive care unit survivors: the VISIONS cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2022-32. PMID: 22710202, PMCID: PMC3697780, PII: 00003246-201207000-00003, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acc0, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Rogers BP, Gunther ML, Merkle K, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Cannistraci CJ, Gore JC, Ely EW, Hopkins RO, . The relationship between delirium duration, white matter integrity, and cognitive impairment in intensive care unit survivors as determined by diffusion tensor imaging: the VISIONS prospective cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2182-9. PMID: 22584766, PMCID: PMC3378755, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acdc, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Walia A, Mandell MS, Mercaldo N, Michaels D, Robertson A, Banerjee A, Pai R, Klinck J, Weinger M, Pandharipande P, Schumann R. Anesthesia for liver transplantation in US academic centers: institutional structure and perioperative care. Liver Transpl. 2012 Jun; 18(6): 737-43. PMID: 22407934, DOI: 10.1002/lt.23427, ISSN: 1527-6473.
Kohli U, Pandharipande P, Muszkat M, Sofowora GG, Friedman EA, Scheinin M, Wood AJ, Ely EW, Tyndale RF, Choi L, Stein CM, Kurnik D. CYP2A6 genetic variation and dexmedetomidine disposition. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol [print-electronic]. 2012 Jun; 68(6): 937-42. PMID: 22271297, PMCID: PMC3352974, DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1208-z, ISSN: 1432-1041.
McGrane S, Pandharipande PP. Sedation in the intensive care unit. Minerva Anestesiol. 2012 Mar; 78(3): 369-80. PMID: 22240616, PII: R02127140, ISSN: 1827-1596.
Adams Wilson JR, Morandi A, Girard TD, Thompson JL, Boomershine CS, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. The association of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism with acute brain dysfunction during critical illness*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Mar; 40(3): 835-41. PMID: 22080637, PMCID: PMC3625666, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318236f62d, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Hughes CG, McGrane S, Pandharipande PP. Sedation in the intensive care setting. Clin Pharmacol [print-electronic]. 2012; 4: 53-63. PMID: 23204873, PMCID: PMC3508653, PII: cpaa-4-053, DOI: 10.2147/CPAA.S26582, ISSN: 1179-1438.
Patel MB, McKenna JW, Alvarez JM, Sugiura A, Jenkins JM, Guillamondegui OD, Pandharipande PP. Decreasing adrenergic or sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury using propranolol and clonidine (DASH After TBI Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012; 13: 177. PMID: 23013802, PMCID: PMC3517360, PII: 1745-6215-13-177, DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-177, ISSN: 1745-6215.
Pandharipande PP, Ely EW. Sedation and analgesia in the ICU: pharmacology, protocolization, and clinical consequences. Preface. Anesthesiol Clin. 2011 Dec; 29(4): xv-xvi. PMID: 22078923, PII: S1932-2275(11)00088-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2011.10.001, ISSN: 1932-2275.
Smith HA, Fuchs DC, Pandharipande PP, Barr FE, Ely EW. Delirium: an emerging frontier in the management of critically ill children. Anesthesiol Clin. 2011 Dec; 29(4): 729-50. PMID: 22078920, PII: S1932-2275(11)00086-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2011.09.011, ISSN: 1932-2275.
Vasilevskis EE, Morandi A, Boehm L, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani A, Gordon SM, Pun BT, Ely EW. Delirium and sedation recognition using validated instruments: reliability of bedside intensive care unit nursing assessments from 2007 to 2010. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Nov; 59 Suppl 2: S249-55. PMID: 22091569, PMCID: PMC3233973, DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03673.x, ISSN: 1532-5415.
Choi L, Caffo BS, Kohli U, Pandharipande P, Kurnik D, Ely EW, Stein CM. A Bayesian hierarchical nonlinear mixture model in the presence of artifactual outliers in a population pharmacokinetic study. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn [print-electronic]. 2011 Oct; 38(5): 613-36. PMID: 21847635, PMCID: PMC3182101, DOI: 10.1007/s10928-011-9211-7, ISSN: 1573-8744.
Morandi A, Hughes CG, Girard TD, McAuley DF, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Statins and brain dysfunction: a hypothesis to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment in patients who are critically ill. Chest. 2011 Sep; 140(3): 580-5. PMID: 21896517, PMCID: PMC3168859, PII: S0012-3692(11)60460-1, DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-3065, ISSN: 1931-3543.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Pandharipande PP, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Girard TD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and delirium in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary investigation. Int Psychogeriatr [print-electronic]. 2011 Sep; 23(7): 1175-81. PMID: 21294938, PMCID: PMC3654518, PII: S1041610210002486, DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210002486, ISSN: 1741-203X.
Morandi A, Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Solberg LM, Neal EB, Koestner T, Torres R, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Han JH, Schnelle J, Fick DM, Ely EW, Kripalani S. Inappropriate medications in elderly ICU survivors: where to intervene?. Arch. Intern. Med. 2011 Jun 6/13/2011; 171(11): 1032-4. PMID: 21670372, PMCID: PMC3575737, PII: 171/11/1032, DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.233, ISSN: 1538-3679.
Hughes CG, Pandharipande PP. Review articles: the effects of perioperative and intensive care unit sedation on brain organ dysfunction. Anesth. Analg [print-electronic]. 2011 May; 112(5): 1212-7. PMID: 21474659, PII: ANE.0b013e318215366d, DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318215366d, ISSN: 1526-7598.
Banerjee A, Girard TD, Pandharipande P. The complex interplay between delirium, sedation, and early mobility during critical illness: applications in the trauma unit. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Apr; 24(2): 195-201. PMID: 21386669, PMCID: PMC3606927, PII: 00001503-201104000-00014, DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283445382, ISSN: 1473-6500.
McGrane S, Girard TD, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Woodworth A, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute brain dysfunction in critically ill patients. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2011; 15(2): R78. PMID: 21366899, PMCID: PMC3219330, PII: cc10070, DOI: 10.1186/cc10070, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Smith HA, Boyd J, Fuchs DC, Melvin K, Berry P, Shintani A, Eden SK, Terrell MK, Boswell T, Wolfram K, Sopfe J, Barr FE, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW. Diagnosing delirium in critically ill children: Validity and reliability of the Pediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Crit. Care Med. 2011 Jan; 39(1): 150-7. PMID: 20959783, PMCID: PMC3776416, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181feb489, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Ely EW. A screening, prevention, and restoration model for saving the injured brain in intensive care unit survivors. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Oct; 38(10 Suppl): S683-91. PMID: 21164415, PMCID: PMC3679543, PII: 00003246-201010001-00027, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181f245d3, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Vasilevskis EE, Girard TD, Hopkins RO, Jackson JC, Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Neuroimaging in delirious intensive care unit patients: a preliminary case series report. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010 Sep; 7(9): 28-33. PMID: 20941349, PMCID: PMC2952644, ISSN: 1555-5194.
Agarwal V, O'Neill PJ, Cotton BA, Pun BT, Haney S, Thompson J, Kassebaum N, Shintani A, Guy J, Ely EW, Pandharipande P. Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in burn intensive care unit patients. J Burn Care Res. 2010 Sep; 31(5): 706-15. PMID: 20647937, PMCID: PMC3773484, DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181eebee9, ISSN: 1559-0488.
Hughes CG, Weavind L, Banerjee A, Mercaldo ND, Schildcrout JS, Pandharipande PP. Intraoperative risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients. Anesth. Analg [print-electronic]. 2010 Aug; 111(2): 464-7. PMID: 20418537, PII: ANE.0b013e3181d8a16a, DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d8a16a, ISSN: 1526-7598.
Girard TD, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Gordon SM, Canonico AE, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Jul; 38(7): 1513-20. PMID: 20473145, PMCID: PMC3638813, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47be1, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Carson SS, Schmidt GA, Wright PE, Canonico AE, Pun BT, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Meltzer HY, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Feb; 38(2): 428-37. PMID: 20095068, PMCID: PMC3645269, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande P, Banerjee A, McGrane S, Ely EW. Liberation and animation for ventilated ICU patients: the ABCDE bundle for the back-end of critical care. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2010; 14(3): 157. PMID: 20497606, PMCID: PMC2911702, PII: cc8999, DOI: 10.1186/cc8999, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Sanders RD, Girard TD, McGrane S, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Herr DL, Maze M, Ely EW, . Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2010; 14(2): R38. PMID: 20233428, PMCID: PMC2887145, PII: cc8916, DOI: 10.1186/cc8916, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Morandi A, Adams JR, Girard TD, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW. Plasma tryptophan and tyrosine levels are independent risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2009 Nov; 35(11): 1886-92. PMID: 19588122, PMCID: PMC3673700, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1573-6, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Smith HA, Fuchs DC, Pandharipande PP, Barr FE, Ely EW. Delirium: an emerging frontier in the management of critically ill children. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul; 25(3): 593-614, x. PMID: 19576533, PMCID: PMC2793079, PII: S0749-0704(09)00041-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.05.002, ISSN: 1557-8232.
Pandharipande PP, Shintani AK, Hagerman HE, St Jacques PJ, Rice TW, Sanders NW, Ware LB, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Derivation and validation of Spo2/Fio2 ratio to impute for Pao2/Fio2 ratio in the respiratory component of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Crit. Care Med. 2009 Apr; 37(4): 1317-21. PMID: 19242333, PMCID: PMC3776410, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819cefa9, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Patel RP, Gambrell M, Speroff T, Scott TA, Pun BT, Okahashi J, Strength C, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Burgess H, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Delirium and sedation in the intensive care unit: survey of behaviors and attitudes of 1384 healthcare professionals. Crit. Care Med. 2009 Mar; 37(3): 825-32. PMID: 19237884, PMCID: PMC3719180, PII: 00003246-200903000-00004, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819b8608, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Watson PL, Shintani AK, Tyson R, Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Ely EW. Presence of electroencephalogram burst suppression in sedated, critically ill patients is associated with increased mortality. Crit. Care Med. 2008 Dec; 36(12): 3171-7. PMID: 19020432, PMCID: PMC3768119, PII: 00003246-200812000-00007, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318186b9ce, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande P, Cotton BA, Shintani A, Thompson J, Pun BT, Morris JA, Dittus R, Ely EW. Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients. J Trauma. 2008 Jul; 65(1): 34-41. PMID: 18580517, PMCID: PMC3773485, DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31814b2c4d, ISSN: 1529-8809.
Soja SL, Pandharipande PP, Fleming SB, Cotton BA, Miller LR, Weaver SG, Lee BT, Ely EW. Implementation, reliability testing, and compliance monitoring of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit in trauma patients. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2008 Jul; 34(7): 1263-8. PMID: 18297270, PMCID: PMC3773486, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-008-1031-x, ISSN: 0342-4642.
Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW. Delirium in the intensive care unit. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2008; 12 Suppl 3: S3. PMID: 18495054, PMCID: PMC2391269, PII: cc6149, DOI: 10.1186/cc6149, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, Maze M, Girard TD, Miller RR, Shintani AK, Thompson JL, Jackson JC, Deppen SA, Stiles RA, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Dec 12/12/2007; 298(22): 2644-53. PMID: 18073360, PII: 298/22/2644, DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.22.2644, ISSN: 1538-3598.
Turner S, Mathews L, Pandharipande P, Thompson R. Dolasetron-induced torsades de pointes. J Clin Anesth. 2007 Dec; 19(8): 622-5. PMID: 18083478, PII: S0952-8180(07)00256-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2007.03.012, ISSN: 0952-8180.
Pandharipande P, Cotton BA, Shintani A, Thompson J, Costabile S, Truman Pun B, Dittus R, Ely EW. Motoric subtypes of delirium in mechanically ventilated surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2007 Oct; 33(10): 1726-31. PMID: 17549455, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0687-y, ISSN: 0342-4642.
Chester MW, Barwise JA, Holzman MD, Pandharipande P. Acute dermal capillary rupture associated with noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. J Clin Anesth. 2007 Sep; 19(6): 473-5. PMID: 17967681, PII: S0952-8180(07)00194-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.12.010, ISSN: 0952-8180.
Ely EW, Girard TD, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Gordon SM, Thomason JW, Pun BT, Canonico AE, Light RW, Pandharipande P, Laskowitz DT. Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism as a genetic predisposition to delirium in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 2007 Jan; 35(1): 112-7. PMID: 17133176, DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000251925.18961.CA, ISSN: 0090-3493.
Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Sedative and analgesic medications: risk factors for delirium and sleep disturbances in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin. 2006 Apr; 22(2): 313-27, vii. PMID: 16678002, PII: S0749-0704(06)00011-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2006.02.010, ISSN: 0749-0704.
Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, Pun BT, Wilkinson GR, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jan; 104(1): 21-6. PMID: 16394685, PII: 00000542-200601000-00005, ISSN: 0003-3022.
Pandharipande P, Ely EW, Maze M. Alpha-2 agonists: can they modify the outcomes in the Postanesthesia Care Unit?. Curr Drug Targets. 2005 Nov; 6(7): 749-54. PMID: 16305453, ISSN: 1389-4501.
Goldsmith WW, Pandharipande PP. Transfusion-related acute lung injury--does the anesthesiologist need to worry about this?. J Clin Anesth. 2005 Aug; 17(5): 366-8. PMID: 16102688, PII: S0952-8180(05)00138-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.12.013, ISSN: 0952-8180.
Pandharipande P, Jackson J, Ely EW. Delirium: acute cognitive dysfunction in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005 Aug; 11(4): 360-8. PMID: 16015117, PII: 00075198-200508000-00014, ISSN: 1070-5295.
Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Narcotic-based sedation regimens for critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2005 Jun; 9(3): 247-8. PMID: 15987412, PMCID: PMC1175895, PII: cc3523, DOI: 10.1186/cc3523, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Reichard PS, Vallee MF. High gastric output as a perioperative sign of carcinoid syndrome. Anesthesiology. 2002 Mar; 96(3): 755-6. PMID: 11873054, PII: 00000542-200203000-00035, ISSN: 0003-3022.
Humble SS, Wilson LD, Leath TC, Marshall MD, Sun DZ, Pandharipande PP, Patel MB. ICU sedation with dexmedetomidine after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj [print-electronic]. 2016 Jul 7/26/2016; 1-5. PMID: 27458990, DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1187289, ISSN: 1362-301X.
Hughes CG, Patel MB, Jackson JC, Girard TD, Geevarghese SK, Norman BC, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Brummel NE, May AK, Elstad MR, Wasserstein ML, Goodman RB, Moons KG, Dittus RS, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, . Surgery and Anesthesia Exposure Is Not a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment After Major Noncardiac Surgery and Critical Illness. Ann. Surg [print-electronic]. 2016 Jul 7/18/2016; PMID: 27433893, DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001885, ISSN: 1528-1140.
Patel MB, Jackson JC, Morandi A, Girard TD, Hughes CG, Thompson JL, Kiehl AL, Elstad MR, Wasserstein ML, Goodman RB, Beckham JC, Chandrasekhar R, Dittus RS, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Incidence and Risk Factors for Intensive Care Unit-related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans and Civilians. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jun 6/15/2016; 193(12): 1373-81. PMID: 26735627, PMCID: PMC4910886, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201506-1158OC, ISSN: 1535-4970.
Vincent JL, Shehabi Y, Walsh TS, Pandharipande PP, Ball JA, Spronk P, Longrois D, Strøm T, Conti G, Funk GC, Badenes R, Mantz J, Spies C, Takala J. Comfort and patient-centred care without excessive sedation: the eCASH concept. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2016 Jun; 42(6): 962-71. PMID: 27075762, PMCID: PMC4846689, PII: 10.1007/s00134-016-4297-4, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4297-4, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Norman BC, Jackson JC, Graves JA, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Brummel NE, Wang L, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Ely EW. Employment Outcomes After Critical Illness: An Analysis of the Bringing to Light the Risk Factors and Incidence of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in ICU Survivors Cohort. Crit. Care Med [print-electronic]. 2016 May 5/11/2016; PMID: 27171492, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001849, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. The Evolving Approach to Brain Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients [editorial]. JAMA. 2016 Apr 4/12/2016; 315(14): 1455-6. PMID: 26976552, PII: 2503417, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.2708, ISSN: 1538-3598.
Smith HA, Gangopadhyay M, Goben CM, Jacobowski NL, Chestnut MH, Savage S, Rutherford MT, Denton D, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Acton M, Newman J, Noori HP, Terrell MK, Williams SR, Griffith K, Cooper TJ, Ely EW, Fuchs DC, Pandharipande PP. The Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU: Valid and Reliable Delirium Monitoring for Critically Ill Infants and Children. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Mar; 44(3): 592-600. PMID: 26565631, PMCID: PMC4764386, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001428, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Choi L, Ferrell BA, Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Heltsley R, Ely EW, Stein CM, Girard TD. Population Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl in the Critically Ill. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jan; 44(1): 64-72. PMID: 26491862, PMCID: PMC4755937, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001347, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Tsuruta R, Ely EW, Girard TD. Validity of a Modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score Using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jan; 44(1): 138-46. PMID: 26457749, PMCID: PMC4748963, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001375, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Cropsey C, Kennedy J, Han J, Pandharipande P. Cognitive Dysfunction, Delirium, and Stroke in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2015 Dec; 19(4): 309-17. PMID: 26660055, PII: 19/4/309, DOI: 10.1177/1089253215570062, ISSN: 1940-5596.
Morandi A, Brummel NE, Pandharipande P. Melatonin and the future of critically ill patients' outcomes [editorial]. Minerva Anestesiol [print-electronic]. 2015 Dec; 81(12): 1277-9. PMID: 26505226, PII: R02Y9999N00A150143, ISSN: 1827-1596.
Hughes CG, Brummel NE, Girard TD, Graves AJ, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Change in endothelial vascular reactivity and acute brain dysfunction during critical illness [letter]. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Nov; 115(5): 794-5. PMID: 26475809, PMCID: PMC4608489, PII: aev332, DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev332, ISSN: 1471-6771.
Card E, Pandharipande P, Tomes C, Lee C, Wood J, Nelson D, Graves A, Shintani A, Ely EW, Hughes C. Emergence from general anaesthesia and evolution of delirium signs in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Br J Anaesth [print-electronic]. 2015 Sep; 115(3): 411-7. PMID: 25540068, PMCID: PMC4533730, PII: aeu442, DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu442, ISSN: 1471-6771.
Saied N, Helwani MA, Pandharipande PP. Intraoperative protective ventilation: too early to redefine management parameters? [letter]. BMJ. 2015; 351: h5126. PMID: 26424717, ISSN: 1756-1833.
Inoue S, Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Graves AJ, Thompson J, Shintani A, Ely EW. The impact of lymphopenia on delirium in ICU patients. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(5): e0126216. PMID: 25992641, PMCID: PMC4439144, PII: PONE-D-15-01328, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126216, ISSN: 1932-6203.
Sanders RD, Coburn M, Cunningham C, Pandharipande P. Risk factors for postoperative delirium. Lancet Psychiatry [print-electronic]. 2014 Nov; 1(6): 404-6. PMID: 26361180, PII: S2215-0366(14)00012-1, DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00012-1, ISSN: 2215-0374.
Andresen JM, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Davidson MA, Ely EW, Watson PL. Burst suppression on processed electroencephalography as a predictor of postcoma delirium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Oct; 42(10): 2244-51. PMID: 25072756, PMCID: PMC4493889, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000522, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Hughes CG, Thompson JL, Pandharipande PP, Shintani AK, Vasilevskis EE, Han JH, Jackson JC, Laskowitz DT, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Statins and delirium during critical illness: a multicenter, prospective cohort study. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Aug; 42(8): 1899-909. PMID: 24810528, PMCID: PMC4103957, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000398, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG, Girard TD. Only a small subset of sedation-related delirium is innocuous: we cannot let our guard down [letter]. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Jun 6/1/2014; 189(11): 1443-4. PMID: 24881944, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0506LE, ISSN: 1535-4970.
Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Brummel NE, Thompson JL, Hughes CG, Pun BT, Vasilevskis EE, Morandi A, Shintani AK, Hopkins RO, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and functional disability in survivors of critical illness in the BRAIN-ICU study: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Respir Med [print-electronic]. 2014 May; 2(5): 369-79. PMID: 24815803, PMCID: PMC4107313, PII: S2213-2600(14)70051-7, DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70051-7, ISSN: 2213-2619.
Patel MB, Laudanski K, Pandharipande PP. An international career development survey of critical care practitioners*. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Apr; 42(4): e300-3. PMID: 24335441, PMCID: PMC3959251, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000137, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Brummel NE, Girard TD, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Morandi A, Hughes CG, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Murphy E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Dittus RS, Jackson JC. Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients: the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2014 Mar; 40(3): 370-9. PMID: 24257969, PMCID: PMC3943568, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-3136-0, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus RS, Gill TM, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Feb; 42(2): 369-77. PMID: 24158172, PMCID: PMC3947028, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a645bd, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Coburn M, Pandharipande PP, Sanders RD. Are we offtrack using propofol for sedation after traumatic brain injury? [editorial]. Crit. Care Med. 2014 Jan; 42(1): 211-2. PMID: 24346532, PII: 00003246-201401000-00035, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000009, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Sanders RD, Coburn M, Pandharipande PP. Neural and immune consequences of traumatic brain injury: does propofol reduce the impact? [editorial]. Anesthesiology. 2013 Dec; 119(6): 1241-3. PMID: 24113646, DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000019, ISSN: 1528-1175.
Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Morandi A, Thompson JL, Pun BT, Brummel NE, Hughes CG, Vasilevskis EE, Shintani AK, Moons KG, Geevarghese SK, Canonico A, Hopkins RO, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013 Oct 10/3/2013; 369(14): 1306-16. PMID: 24088092, PMCID: PMC3922401, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301372, ISSN: 1533-4406.
Hughes CG, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP. Daily sedation interruption versus targeted light sedation strategies in ICU patients. Crit. Care Med. 2013 Sep; 41(9 Suppl 1): S39-45. PMID: 23989094, PII: 00003246-201309001-00004, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a168c5, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Watson PL, Pandharipande P, Gehlbach BK, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus BS, Bernard GR, Malow BA, Ely EW. Atypical sleep in ventilated patients: empirical electroencephalography findings and the path toward revised ICU sleep scoring criteria. Crit. Care Med. 2013 Aug; 41(8): 1958-67. PMID: 23863228, PMCID: PMC3875326, PII: 00003246-201308000-00016, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828a3f75, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Watson PL, Pandharipande P, Gehlbach BK, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus BS, Bernard GR, Malow BA, Ely EW. Atypical Sleep in Ventilated Patients: Empirical Electroencephalography Findings and the Path Toward Revised ICU Sleep Scoring Criteria. Crit. Care Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Jun 6/12/2013; PMID: 23764974, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b01e1828af75, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Smith HA, Brink E, Fuchs DC, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Pediatric delirium: monitoring and management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr. Clin. North Am [print-electronic]. 2013 Jun; 60(3): 741-60. PMID: 23639666, PII: S0031-3955(13)00024-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.02.010, ISSN: 1557-8240.
Smith HA, Berutti T, Brink E, Strohler B, Fuchs DC, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Pediatric critical care perceptions on analgesia, sedation, and delirium. Semin Respir Crit Care Med [print-electronic]. 2013 Apr; 34(2): 244-61. PMID: 23716315, DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1342987, ISSN: 1098-9048.
Hughes CG, Morandi A, Girard TD, Riedel B, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Pun BT, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Association between endothelial dysfunction and acute brain dysfunction during critical illness. Anesthesiology. 2013 Mar; 118(3): 631-9. PMID: 23263016, PMCID: PMC3580006, DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827bd193, ISSN: 1528-1175.
McPherson JA, Wagner CE, Boehm LM, Hall JD, Johnson DC, Miller LR, Burns KM, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Delirium in the cardiovascular ICU: exploring modifiable risk factors. Crit. Care Med. 2013 Feb; 41(2): 405-13. PMID: 23263581, PMCID: PMC3557701, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31826ab49b, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Girard TD, Ware LB, Bernard GR, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Associations of markers of inflammation and coagulation with delirium during critical illness. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 38(12): 1965-73. PMID: 22903241, PMCID: PMC3606929, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2678-x, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Schiro E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Ely EW. A combined early cognitive and physical rehabilitation program for people who are critically ill: the activity and cognitive therapy in the intensive care unit (ACT-ICU) trial. Phys Ther [print-electronic]. 2012 Dec; 92(12): 1580-92. PMID: 22577067, PMCID: PMC3513484, PII: ptj.20110414, DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20110414, ISSN: 1538-6724.
Hughes CG, Patel MB, Pandharipande PP. Pathophysiology of acute brain dysfunction: what's the cause of all this confusion?. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2012 Oct; 18(5): 518-26. PMID: 22941208, DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e328357effa, ISSN: 1531-7072.
Hughes CG, Brummel NE, Vasilevskis EE, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP. Future directions of delirium research and management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Sep; 26(3): 395-405. PMID: 23040289, PMCID: PMC3638881, PII: S1521-6896(12)00054-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2012.08.004, ISSN: 1878-1608.
Gunther ML, Morandi A, Krauskopf E, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Merkle K, Cannistraci CJ, Rogers BP, Gatenby JC, Heckers S, Gore JC, Hopkins RO, Ely EW, . The association between brain volumes, delirium duration, and cognitive outcomes in intensive care unit survivors: the VISIONS cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2022-32. PMID: 22710202, PMCID: PMC3697780, PII: 00003246-201207000-00003, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acc0, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Rogers BP, Gunther ML, Merkle K, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson J, Shintani AK, Geevarghese S, Miller RR, Canonico A, Cannistraci CJ, Gore JC, Ely EW, Hopkins RO, . The relationship between delirium duration, white matter integrity, and cognitive impairment in intensive care unit survivors as determined by diffusion tensor imaging: the VISIONS prospective cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Jul; 40(7): 2182-9. PMID: 22584766, PMCID: PMC3378755, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318250acdc, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Walia A, Mandell MS, Mercaldo N, Michaels D, Robertson A, Banerjee A, Pai R, Klinck J, Weinger M, Pandharipande P, Schumann R. Anesthesia for liver transplantation in US academic centers: institutional structure and perioperative care. Liver Transpl. 2012 Jun; 18(6): 737-43. PMID: 22407934, DOI: 10.1002/lt.23427, ISSN: 1527-6473.
Kohli U, Pandharipande P, Muszkat M, Sofowora GG, Friedman EA, Scheinin M, Wood AJ, Ely EW, Tyndale RF, Choi L, Stein CM, Kurnik D. CYP2A6 genetic variation and dexmedetomidine disposition. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol [print-electronic]. 2012 Jun; 68(6): 937-42. PMID: 22271297, PMCID: PMC3352974, DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1208-z, ISSN: 1432-1041.
McGrane S, Pandharipande PP. Sedation in the intensive care unit. Minerva Anestesiol. 2012 Mar; 78(3): 369-80. PMID: 22240616, PII: R02127140, ISSN: 1827-1596.
Adams Wilson JR, Morandi A, Girard TD, Thompson JL, Boomershine CS, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. The association of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism with acute brain dysfunction during critical illness*. Crit. Care Med. 2012 Mar; 40(3): 835-41. PMID: 22080637, PMCID: PMC3625666, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318236f62d, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Hughes CG, McGrane S, Pandharipande PP. Sedation in the intensive care setting. Clin Pharmacol [print-electronic]. 2012; 4: 53-63. PMID: 23204873, PMCID: PMC3508653, PII: cpaa-4-053, DOI: 10.2147/CPAA.S26582, ISSN: 1179-1438.
Patel MB, McKenna JW, Alvarez JM, Sugiura A, Jenkins JM, Guillamondegui OD, Pandharipande PP. Decreasing adrenergic or sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury using propranolol and clonidine (DASH After TBI Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012; 13: 177. PMID: 23013802, PMCID: PMC3517360, PII: 1745-6215-13-177, DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-177, ISSN: 1745-6215.
Pandharipande PP, Ely EW. Sedation and analgesia in the ICU: pharmacology, protocolization, and clinical consequences. Preface. Anesthesiol Clin. 2011 Dec; 29(4): xv-xvi. PMID: 22078923, PII: S1932-2275(11)00088-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2011.10.001, ISSN: 1932-2275.
Smith HA, Fuchs DC, Pandharipande PP, Barr FE, Ely EW. Delirium: an emerging frontier in the management of critically ill children. Anesthesiol Clin. 2011 Dec; 29(4): 729-50. PMID: 22078920, PII: S1932-2275(11)00086-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2011.09.011, ISSN: 1932-2275.
Vasilevskis EE, Morandi A, Boehm L, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani A, Gordon SM, Pun BT, Ely EW. Delirium and sedation recognition using validated instruments: reliability of bedside intensive care unit nursing assessments from 2007 to 2010. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Nov; 59 Suppl 2: S249-55. PMID: 22091569, PMCID: PMC3233973, DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03673.x, ISSN: 1532-5415.
Choi L, Caffo BS, Kohli U, Pandharipande P, Kurnik D, Ely EW, Stein CM. A Bayesian hierarchical nonlinear mixture model in the presence of artifactual outliers in a population pharmacokinetic study. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn [print-electronic]. 2011 Oct; 38(5): 613-36. PMID: 21847635, PMCID: PMC3182101, DOI: 10.1007/s10928-011-9211-7, ISSN: 1573-8744.
Morandi A, Hughes CG, Girard TD, McAuley DF, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Statins and brain dysfunction: a hypothesis to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment in patients who are critically ill. Chest. 2011 Sep; 140(3): 580-5. PMID: 21896517, PMCID: PMC3168859, PII: S0012-3692(11)60460-1, DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-3065, ISSN: 1931-3543.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Pandharipande PP, Jackson JC, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Girard TD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and delirium in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary investigation. Int Psychogeriatr [print-electronic]. 2011 Sep; 23(7): 1175-81. PMID: 21294938, PMCID: PMC3654518, PII: S1041610210002486, DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210002486, ISSN: 1741-203X.
Morandi A, Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Solberg LM, Neal EB, Koestner T, Torres R, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Han JH, Schnelle J, Fick DM, Ely EW, Kripalani S. Inappropriate medications in elderly ICU survivors: where to intervene?. Arch. Intern. Med. 2011 Jun 6/13/2011; 171(11): 1032-4. PMID: 21670372, PMCID: PMC3575737, PII: 171/11/1032, DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.233, ISSN: 1538-3679.
Hughes CG, Pandharipande PP. Review articles: the effects of perioperative and intensive care unit sedation on brain organ dysfunction. Anesth. Analg [print-electronic]. 2011 May; 112(5): 1212-7. PMID: 21474659, PII: ANE.0b013e318215366d, DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318215366d, ISSN: 1526-7598.
Banerjee A, Girard TD, Pandharipande P. The complex interplay between delirium, sedation, and early mobility during critical illness: applications in the trauma unit. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Apr; 24(2): 195-201. PMID: 21386669, PMCID: PMC3606927, PII: 00001503-201104000-00014, DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283445382, ISSN: 1473-6500.
McGrane S, Girard TD, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Woodworth A, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute brain dysfunction in critically ill patients. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2011; 15(2): R78. PMID: 21366899, PMCID: PMC3219330, PII: cc10070, DOI: 10.1186/cc10070, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Smith HA, Boyd J, Fuchs DC, Melvin K, Berry P, Shintani A, Eden SK, Terrell MK, Boswell T, Wolfram K, Sopfe J, Barr FE, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW. Diagnosing delirium in critically ill children: Validity and reliability of the Pediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Crit. Care Med. 2011 Jan; 39(1): 150-7. PMID: 20959783, PMCID: PMC3776416, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181feb489, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Ely EW. A screening, prevention, and restoration model for saving the injured brain in intensive care unit survivors. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Oct; 38(10 Suppl): S683-91. PMID: 21164415, PMCID: PMC3679543, PII: 00003246-201010001-00027, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181f245d3, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Morandi A, Gunther ML, Vasilevskis EE, Girard TD, Hopkins RO, Jackson JC, Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Neuroimaging in delirious intensive care unit patients: a preliminary case series report. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010 Sep; 7(9): 28-33. PMID: 20941349, PMCID: PMC2952644, ISSN: 1555-5194.
Agarwal V, O'Neill PJ, Cotton BA, Pun BT, Haney S, Thompson J, Kassebaum N, Shintani A, Guy J, Ely EW, Pandharipande P. Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in burn intensive care unit patients. J Burn Care Res. 2010 Sep; 31(5): 706-15. PMID: 20647937, PMCID: PMC3773484, DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181eebee9, ISSN: 1559-0488.
Hughes CG, Weavind L, Banerjee A, Mercaldo ND, Schildcrout JS, Pandharipande PP. Intraoperative risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients. Anesth. Analg [print-electronic]. 2010 Aug; 111(2): 464-7. PMID: 20418537, PII: ANE.0b013e3181d8a16a, DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d8a16a, ISSN: 1526-7598.
Girard TD, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Gordon SM, Canonico AE, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Jul; 38(7): 1513-20. PMID: 20473145, PMCID: PMC3638813, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47be1, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Carson SS, Schmidt GA, Wright PE, Canonico AE, Pun BT, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Meltzer HY, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW, . Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Crit. Care Med. 2010 Feb; 38(2): 428-37. PMID: 20095068, PMCID: PMC3645269, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande P, Banerjee A, McGrane S, Ely EW. Liberation and animation for ventilated ICU patients: the ABCDE bundle for the back-end of critical care. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2010; 14(3): 157. PMID: 20497606, PMCID: PMC2911702, PII: cc8999, DOI: 10.1186/cc8999, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Sanders RD, Girard TD, McGrane S, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Herr DL, Maze M, Ely EW, . Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2010; 14(2): R38. PMID: 20233428, PMCID: PMC2887145, PII: cc8916, DOI: 10.1186/cc8916, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Morandi A, Adams JR, Girard TD, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW. Plasma tryptophan and tyrosine levels are independent risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2009 Nov; 35(11): 1886-92. PMID: 19588122, PMCID: PMC3673700, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1573-6, ISSN: 1432-1238.
Smith HA, Fuchs DC, Pandharipande PP, Barr FE, Ely EW. Delirium: an emerging frontier in the management of critically ill children. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul; 25(3): 593-614, x. PMID: 19576533, PMCID: PMC2793079, PII: S0749-0704(09)00041-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.05.002, ISSN: 1557-8232.
Pandharipande PP, Shintani AK, Hagerman HE, St Jacques PJ, Rice TW, Sanders NW, Ware LB, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Derivation and validation of Spo2/Fio2 ratio to impute for Pao2/Fio2 ratio in the respiratory component of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Crit. Care Med. 2009 Apr; 37(4): 1317-21. PMID: 19242333, PMCID: PMC3776410, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819cefa9, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Patel RP, Gambrell M, Speroff T, Scott TA, Pun BT, Okahashi J, Strength C, Pandharipande P, Girard TD, Burgess H, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Delirium and sedation in the intensive care unit: survey of behaviors and attitudes of 1384 healthcare professionals. Crit. Care Med. 2009 Mar; 37(3): 825-32. PMID: 19237884, PMCID: PMC3719180, PII: 00003246-200903000-00004, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819b8608, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Watson PL, Shintani AK, Tyson R, Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Ely EW. Presence of electroencephalogram burst suppression in sedated, critically ill patients is associated with increased mortality. Crit. Care Med. 2008 Dec; 36(12): 3171-7. PMID: 19020432, PMCID: PMC3768119, PII: 00003246-200812000-00007, DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318186b9ce, ISSN: 1530-0293.
Pandharipande P, Cotton BA, Shintani A, Thompson J, Pun BT, Morris JA, Dittus R, Ely EW. Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients. J Trauma. 2008 Jul; 65(1): 34-41. PMID: 18580517, PMCID: PMC3773485, DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31814b2c4d, ISSN: 1529-8809.
Soja SL, Pandharipande PP, Fleming SB, Cotton BA, Miller LR, Weaver SG, Lee BT, Ely EW. Implementation, reliability testing, and compliance monitoring of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit in trauma patients. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2008 Jul; 34(7): 1263-8. PMID: 18297270, PMCID: PMC3773486, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-008-1031-x, ISSN: 0342-4642.
Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW. Delirium in the intensive care unit. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2008; 12 Suppl 3: S3. PMID: 18495054, PMCID: PMC2391269, PII: cc6149, DOI: 10.1186/cc6149, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, Maze M, Girard TD, Miller RR, Shintani AK, Thompson JL, Jackson JC, Deppen SA, Stiles RA, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Dec 12/12/2007; 298(22): 2644-53. PMID: 18073360, PII: 298/22/2644, DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.22.2644, ISSN: 1538-3598.
Turner S, Mathews L, Pandharipande P, Thompson R. Dolasetron-induced torsades de pointes. J Clin Anesth. 2007 Dec; 19(8): 622-5. PMID: 18083478, PII: S0952-8180(07)00256-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2007.03.012, ISSN: 0952-8180.
Pandharipande P, Cotton BA, Shintani A, Thompson J, Costabile S, Truman Pun B, Dittus R, Ely EW. Motoric subtypes of delirium in mechanically ventilated surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med [print-electronic]. 2007 Oct; 33(10): 1726-31. PMID: 17549455, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0687-y, ISSN: 0342-4642.
Chester MW, Barwise JA, Holzman MD, Pandharipande P. Acute dermal capillary rupture associated with noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. J Clin Anesth. 2007 Sep; 19(6): 473-5. PMID: 17967681, PII: S0952-8180(07)00194-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.12.010, ISSN: 0952-8180.
Ely EW, Girard TD, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Gordon SM, Thomason JW, Pun BT, Canonico AE, Light RW, Pandharipande P, Laskowitz DT. Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism as a genetic predisposition to delirium in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 2007 Jan; 35(1): 112-7. PMID: 17133176, DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000251925.18961.CA, ISSN: 0090-3493.
Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Sedative and analgesic medications: risk factors for delirium and sleep disturbances in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin. 2006 Apr; 22(2): 313-27, vii. PMID: 16678002, PII: S0749-0704(06)00011-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2006.02.010, ISSN: 0749-0704.
Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, Pun BT, Wilkinson GR, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jan; 104(1): 21-6. PMID: 16394685, PII: 00000542-200601000-00005, ISSN: 0003-3022.
Pandharipande P, Ely EW, Maze M. Alpha-2 agonists: can they modify the outcomes in the Postanesthesia Care Unit?. Curr Drug Targets. 2005 Nov; 6(7): 749-54. PMID: 16305453, ISSN: 1389-4501.
Goldsmith WW, Pandharipande PP. Transfusion-related acute lung injury--does the anesthesiologist need to worry about this?. J Clin Anesth. 2005 Aug; 17(5): 366-8. PMID: 16102688, PII: S0952-8180(05)00138-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.12.013, ISSN: 0952-8180.
Pandharipande P, Jackson J, Ely EW. Delirium: acute cognitive dysfunction in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005 Aug; 11(4): 360-8. PMID: 16015117, PII: 00075198-200508000-00014, ISSN: 1070-5295.
Pandharipande P, Ely EW. Narcotic-based sedation regimens for critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care [print-electronic]. 2005 Jun; 9(3): 247-8. PMID: 15987412, PMCID: PMC1175895, PII: cc3523, DOI: 10.1186/cc3523, ISSN: 1466-609X.
Pandharipande PP, Reichard PS, Vallee MF. High gastric output as a perioperative sign of carcinoid syndrome. Anesthesiology. 2002 Mar; 96(3): 755-6. PMID: 11873054, PII: 00000542-200203000-00035, ISSN: 0003-3022.