Robert H. Carnahan, Jr., Ph.D.

Professor

robert.carnahan@vanderbilt.edu

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Faculty Appointments
Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Radiology & Radiological Sciences
Education
Ph.D., Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TennesseeB.S., Biology/Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
Office Address
893 PRB
2220 Pierce Ave
Nashville, TN 37232
Research Description
Dr. Carnahan received his BS in Biology and BS in Psychology from Indiana University. After several years working for Eli Lilly in the US and in Strasbourg, France, he returned to academics as a visiting researcher at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. He subsequently returned to the US to complete his Ph.D. in Cell Biology at Vanderbilt University where he studied the mechanisms regulating actin ring formation and activation in cytokinesis in the laboratory of Kathy Gould, Ph.D. His post-doctoral studies in the laboratory of Al Reynolds, Ph.D. focused on the functions of both the cell adhesion regulator p120 and its interaction partner Kaiso. In 2006, he was appointed as Director of the Vanderbilt Antibody and Protein Resource (VAPR). During his time leading this institutional shared resource lab, he has guided a technology expansion from being a lab one focused exclusively on generating monoclonal antibodies, to one that now has expertise in wide array of molecular approaches, including antibody and recombinant protein engineering, diagnostic and assay development, and biologics cell line development. Numerous NIH shared instrumentation awards and other grants totaling nearly $2.5 million awarded to Dr. Carnahan have provided the needed infrastructure for this technology expansion. In addition to directing the VAPR, Dr. Carnahan is an Associate Professor in the Cancer Biology, Faculty director of the Management and Entrepreneurship for Scientists program, a member of the Medical School admissions IAC committee, and is a faculty instructor for both M.D. and Ph.D. training programs. In 2010 he co-founded the Antibody-Technologies Research Group. This international group, part of a larger scientific organization (Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities), collaborates to develop technical standards, advances in methodologies, and training opportunities for antibody lab directors and personnel. Within the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities he has also served in numerous other national and regional leadership roles, including most recently as the President of the Southeastern chapter from 2015-2016. Dr. Carnahan is also a recognized expert in Lean Laboratory management practices. He has not only developed and implemented Lean Lab strategies within the VAPR lab, but has served as a consultant and an invited speaker on this topic across the US. He is a member of both the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities and The Antibody Society. Dr. Carnahan is married to Nikki Carnahan, and they have two children.
Publications
Suryadevara N, Otrelo-Cardoso AR, Kose N, Hu YX, Binshtein E, Wolters RM, Greninger AL, Handal LS, Carnahan RH, Moscona A, Jardetzky TS, Crowe JE. Functional and structural basis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 neutralization with human monoclonal antibodies. Nat Microbiol [print-electronic]. 2024 Aug; 9(8): 2128-43. PMID: 38858594, PII: 10.1038/s41564-024-01722-w, DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01722-w, ISSN: 2058-5276.

Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Gunn BM, Kuzmina NA, Kedarinath K, Jurado-Cobena E, Zhou F, Subramani C, Hyde MA, Velazquez JV, Williamson LE, Gilchuk P, Carnahan RH, Alter G, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A. Author Correction: Antibodies targeting the glycan cap of Ebola virus glycoprotein are potent inducers of the complement system. Commun Biol. 2024 Jul 7/31/2024; 7(1): 921. PMID: 39085489, PMCID: PMC11291504, PII: 10.1038/s42003-024-06610-x, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06610-x, ISSN: 2399-3642.

Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Gunn BM, Kuzmina NA, Kedarinath K, Jurado-Cobena E, Zhou F, Subramani C, Hyde MA, Velazquez JV, Williamson LE, Gilchuk P, Carnahan RH, Alter G, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A. Antibodies targeting the glycan cap of Ebola virus glycoprotein are potent inducers of the complement. Commun Biol. 2024 Jul 7/17/2024; 7(1): 871. PMID: 39020082, PMCID: PMC11255267, PII: 10.1038/s42003-024-06556-0, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06556-0, ISSN: 2399-3642.

Abu-Shmais AA, Miller RJ, Janke AK, Wolters RM, Holt CM, Raju N, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Mousa JJ, Georgiev IS. Potent HPIV3-neutralizing IGHV5-51 Antibodies Identified from Multiple Individuals Show L Chain and CDRH3 Promiscuity. J Immunol. 2024 May 5/1/2024; 212(9): 1450-6. PMID: 38488511, PMCID: PMC11018509, PII: 266768, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300880, ISSN: 1550-6606.

Desautels TA, Arrildt KT, Zemla AT, Lau EY, Zhu F, Ricci D, Cronin S, Zost SJ, Binshtein E, Scheaffer SM, Dadonaite B, Petersen BK, Engdahl TB, Chen E, Handal LS, Hall L, Goforth JW, Vashchenko D, Nguyen S, Weilhammer DR, Lo JK, Rubinfeld B, Saada EA, Weisenberger T, Lee TH, Whitener B, Case JB, Ladd A, Silva MS, Haluska RM, Grzesiak EA, Earnhart CG, Hopkins S, Bates TW, Thackray LB, Segelke BW, , Lillo AM, Sundaram S, Bloom JD, Diamond MS, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH, Faissol DM. Computationally restoring the potency of a clinical antibody against Omicron. Nature [print-electronic]. 2024 May; 629(8013): 878-85. PMID: 38720086, PMCID: PMC11111397, PII: 10.1038/s41586-024-07385-1, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07385-1, ISSN: 1476-4687.

Johnson NV, Wall SC, Kramer KJ, Holt CM, Periasamy S, Richardson S, Suryadevara N, Andreano E, Paciello I, Pierleoni G, Piccini G, Huang Y, Ge P, Allen JD, Uno N, Shiakolas AR, Pilewski KA, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Abu-Shmais AA, Parks R, Haynes BF, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Montomoli E, Rappuoli R, Bukreyev A, Ross TM, Sautto GA, McLellan JS, Georgiev IS. Discovery and Characterization of a Pan-betacoronavirus S2-binding antibody. BioRxiv. 2024 Jan 1/16/2024; PMID: 38293237, PMCID: PMC10827111, PII: 2024.01.15.575741, DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575741, ISSN: 2692-8205.

Wall SC, Suryadevara N, Kim C, Shiakolas AR, Holt CM, Irbe EB, Wasdin PT, Suresh YP, Binshtein E, Chen EC, Zost SJ, Canfield E, Crowe JE, Thompson-Arildsen MA, Sheward DJ, Carnahan RH, Georgiev IS. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from children exhibit broad neutralization and belong to adult public clonotypes. Cell Rep Med [print-electronic]. 2023 Nov 11/21/2023; 4(11): 101267. PMID: 37935199, PMCID: PMC10694659, PII: S2666-3791(23)00444-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101267, ISSN: 2666-3791.

Streblow DN, Hirsch AJ, Stanton JJ, Lewis AD, Colgin L, Hessell AJ, Kreklywich CN, Smith JL, Sutton WF, Chauvin D, Woo J, Bimber BN, LeBlanc CN, Acharya SN, O'Roak BJ, Sardar H, Sajadi MM, Tehrani ZR, Walter MR, Martinez-Sobrido L, Kobie JJ, Reader RJ, Olstad KJ, Hobbs TR, Saphire EO, Schendel SL, Carnahan RH, Knoch J, Branco LM, Crowe JE, Van Rompay KKA, Lovalenti P, Vu Truong, Forthal DN, Haigwood NL. Aerosol delivery of SARS-CoV-2 human monoclonal antibodies in macaques limits viral replication and lung pathology. Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 11/3/2023; 14(1): 7062. PMID: 37923717, PMCID: PMC10624670, PII: 10.1038/s41467-023-42440-x, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42440-x, ISSN: 2041-1723.

Powers AM, Williamson LE, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Hyde JL, Jonsson CB, Nasar F, Weaver SC. Developing a Prototype Pathogen Plan and Research Priorities for the Alphaviruses. J Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 10/18/2023; 228(Suppl 6): S414-S426-S426. PMID: 37849399, PMCID: PMC11007399, PII: 7320340, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac326, ISSN: 1537-6613.

Wen X, Suryadevara N, Kose N, Liu J, Zhan X, Handal LS, Williamson LE, Trivette A, Carnahan RH, Jardetzky TS, Crowe JE. Potent cross-neutralization of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus through a structurally conserved antibody recognition mode. Cell Host Microbe [print-electronic]. 2023 Aug 8/9/2023; 31(8): 1288-1300.e6-1300.e6. PMID: 37516111, PMCID: PMC10527986, PII: S1931-3128(23)00298-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.002, ISSN: 1934-6069.

Rolsma SL, Yoder SM, Nargi RS, Brady E, Jimenez-Truque N, Thomsen I, Kontos M, Carnahan RH, Sutton RE, Armstrong E, Dally L, Crowe JE, Edwards KM, Creech CB. Development of a Kinetic ELISA and Reactive B Cell Frequency Assay to Detect Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pre-Fusion F Protein-Specific Immune Responses in Infants. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2023 May 5/31/2023; 12(5): 298-305. PMID: 37029694, PMCID: PMC10231354, PII: 7111176, DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad019, ISSN: 2048-7207.

Zost SJ, Carnahan RH. A budding new approach strengthens an important message. Cell. 2023 May 5/25/2023; 186(11): 2283-5. PMID: 37236153, PMCID: PMC10210232, PII: S0092-8674(23)00468-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.034, ISSN: 1097-4172.

Oh W, Kim AMJ, Dhawan D, Kirkham PM, Ostafe R, Franco J, Aryal UK, Carnahan RH, Patsekin V, Robinson JP, Knapp DW, Lim SO. Development of an Anti-canine PD-L1 Antibody and Caninized PD-L1 Mouse Model as Translational Research Tools for the Study of Immunotherapy in Humans. Cancer Res Commun. 2023 May; 3(5): 860-73. PMID: 37377896, PMCID: PMC10184575, PII: CRC-22-0468, DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-22-0468, ISSN: 2767-9764.

Chen EC, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Ilinykh PA, Binshtein E, Huang K, Myers L, Bonissone S, Day S, Kona CR, Trivette A, Reidy JX, Sutton RE, Gainza C, Diaz S, Williams JK, Selverian CN, Davidson E, Saphire EO, Doranz BJ, Castellana N, Bukreyev A, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Systematic analysis of human antibody response to ebolavirus glycoprotein shows high prevalence of neutralizing public clonotypes. Cell Rep [print-electronic]. 2023 Apr 4/25/2023; 42(4): 112370. PMID: 37029928, PMCID: PMC10556194, PII: S2211-1247(23)00381-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112370, ISSN: 2211-1247.

Parrington HM, Kose N, Armstrong E, Handal L, Diaz S, Reidy J, Dong J, Stewart-Jones GB, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Jain S, Albariño CG, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Potently neutralizing human mAbs against the zoonotic pararubulavirus Sosuga virus. JCI Insight. 2023 Apr 4/24/2023; 8(8): PMID: 36853802, PMCID: PMC10243738, PII: 166811, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166811, ISSN: 2379-3708.

Desautels TA, Arrildt KT, Zemla AT, Lau EY, Zhu F, Ricci D, Cronin S, Zost SJ, Binshtein E, Scheaffer SM, Dadonaite B, Petersen BK, Engdahl TB, Chen E, Handal LS, Hall L, Goforth JW, Vashchenko D, Nguyen S, Weilhammer DR, Lo JK, Rubinfeld B, Saada EA, Weisenberger T, Lee TH, Whitener B, Case JB, Ladd A, Silva MS, Haluska RM, Grzesiak EA, Earnhart CG, Hopkins S, Bates TW, Thackray LB, Segelke BW, Lillo AM, Sundaram S, Bloom J, Diamond MS, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH, Faissol DM. Computationally restoring the potency of a clinical antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. BioRxiv. 2023 Apr 4/24/2023; PMID: 36324800, PMCID: PMC9628197, PII: 2022.10.21.513237, DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.21.513237, ISSN: 2692-8205.

Pilewski KA, Wall S, Richardson SI, Manamela NP, Clark K, Hermanus T, Binshtein E, Venkat R, Sautto GA, Kramer KJ, Shiakolas AR, Setliff I, Salas J, Mapengo RE, Suryadevara N, Brannon JR, Beebout CJ, Parks R, Raju N, Frumento N, Walker LM, Fechter EF, Qin JS, Murji AA, Janowska K, Thakur B, Lindenberger J, May AJ, Huang X, Sammour S, Acharya P, Carnahan RH, Ross TM, Haynes BF, Hadjifrangiskou M, Crowe JE, Bailey JR, Kalams S, Morris L, Georgiev IS. Functional HIV-1/HCV cross-reactive antibodies isolated from a chronically co-infected donor. Cell Rep [print-electronic]. 2023 Feb 2/28/2023; 42(2): 112044. PMID: 36708513, PMCID: PMC10372200, PII: S2211-1247(23)00055-4, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112044, ISSN: 2211-1247.

Raju N, Zhan X, Das S, Karwal L, Dean HJ, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH, Georgiev IS. Neutralization fingerprinting technology for characterizing polyclonal antibody responses to dengue vaccines. Cell Rep. 2022 Dec 12/13/2022; 41(11): 111807. PMID: 36516766, PII: S2211-1247(22)01695-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111807, ISSN: 2211-1247.

Tomasina F, Martínez J, Zeida A, Chiribao ML, Demicheli V, Correa A, Quijano C, Castro L, Carnahan RH, Vinson P, Goff M, Cooper T, McDonald WH, Castellana N, Hannibal L, Morse PT, Wan J, Hüttemann M, Jemmerson R, Piacenza L, Radi R. De novo sequencing and construction of a unique antibody for the recognition of alternative conformations of cytochrome c in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A [print-electronic]. 2022 Nov 11/22/2022; 119(47): e2213432119. PMID: 36378644, PMCID: PMC9704708, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213432119, ISSN: 1091-6490.

Self WH, Wheeler AP, Stewart TG, Schrager H, Mallada J, Thomas CB, Cataldo VD, O'Neal HR, Shapiro NI, Higgins C, Ginde AA, Chauhan L, Johnson NJ, Henning DJ, Jaiswal SJ, Mammen MJ, Harris ES, Pannu SR, Laguio-Vila M, El Atrouni W, de Wit M, Hoda D, Cohn CS, McWilliams C, Shanholtz C, Jones AE, Raval JS, Mucha S, Ipe TS, Qiao X, Schrantz SJ, Shenoy A, Fremont RD, Brady EJ, Carnahan RH, Chappell JD, Crowe JE, Denison MR, Gilchuk P, Stevens LJ, Sutton RE, Thomsen I, Yoder SM, Bistran-Hall AJ, Casey JD, Lindsell CJ, Wang L, Pulley JM, Rhoads JP, Bernard GR, Rice TW, . Neutralizing COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Chest [print-electronic]. 2022 Nov; 162(5): 982-94. PMID: 35780813, PMCID: PMC9247217, PII: S0012-3692(22)01201-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.06.029, ISSN: 1931-3543.

Nkolola JP, Yu J, Wan H, Chang A, McMahan K, Anioke T, Jacob-Dolan C, Powers O, Ye T, Chandrashekar A, Sellers D, Barrett J, Loo YM, Esser MT, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Barouch DH. A bivalent SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody combination does not affect the immunogenicity of a vector-based COVID-19 vaccine in macaques. Sci Transl Med [print-electronic]. 2022 Oct 10/5/2022; 14(665): eabo6160. PMID: 35857623, PMCID: PMC9348747, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo6160, ISSN: 1946-6242.

Shiakolas AR, Kramer KJ, Johnson NV, Wall SC, Suryadevara N, Wrapp D, Periasamy S, Pilewski KA, Raju N, Nargi R, Sutton RE, Walker LM, Setliff I, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A, Carnahan RH, McLellan JS, Georgiev IS. Efficient discovery of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies via B cell receptor sequencing and ligand blocking. Nat Biotechnol [print-electronic]. 2022 Aug; 40(8): 1270-5. PMID: 35241839, PMCID: PMC9378442, PII: 10.1038/s41587-022-01232-2, DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01232-2, ISSN: 1546-1696.

Suryadevara N, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Mittal N, Zhao LL, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH. Real-time cell analysis: A high-throughput approach for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization and escape. STAR Protoc. 2022 Jun 6/17/2022; 3(2): 101387. PMID: 35578733, PMCID: PMC9023333, PII: S2666-1667(22)00267-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101387, ISSN: 2666-1667.

Kramer KJ, Wilfong EM, Voss K, Barone SM, Shiakolas AR, Raju N, Roe CE, Suryadevara N, Walker LM, Wall SC, Paulo A, Schaefer S, Dahunsi D, Westlake CS, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH, Rathmell JC, Bonami RH, Georgiev IS, Irish JM. Single-cell profiling of the antigen-specific response to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine. Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 6/16/2022; 13(1): 3466. PMID: 35710908, PMCID: PMC9201272, PII: 10.1038/s41467-022-31142-5, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31142-5, ISSN: 2041-1723.

Suryadevara N, Shiakolas AR, VanBlargan LA, Binshtein E, Chen RE, Case JB, Kramer KJ, Armstrong EC, Myers L, Trivette A, Gainza C, Nargi RS, Selverian CN, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Diaz SM, Handal LS, Carnahan RH, Diamond MS, Georgiev IS, Crowe JE. An antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the spike trimer. J Clin Invest. 2022 Jun 6/1/2022; 132(11): PMID: 35472136, PMCID: PMC9151704, PII: 159062, DOI: 10.1172/JCI159062, ISSN: 1558-8238.

Kafai NM, Williamson LE, Binshtein E, Sukupolvi-Petty S, Gardner CL, Liu J, Mackin S, Kim AS, Kose N, Carnahan RH, Jung A, Droit L, Reed DS, Handley SA, Klimstra WB, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Neutralizing antibodies protect mice against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge. J Exp Med [print-electronic]. 2022 Apr 4/4/2022; 219(4): PMID: 35297953, PMCID: PMC9195047, PII: 213072, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212532, ISSN: 1540-9538.

Cobb RR, Nkolola J, Gilchuk P, Chandrashekar A, Yu J, House RV, Earnhart CG, Dorsey NM, Hopkins SA, Snow DM, Chen RE, VanBlargan LA, Hechenblaickner M, Hoppe B, Collins L, Tomic MT, Nonet GH, Hackett K, Slaughter JC, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Cook A, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Barouch DH, Crowe JE. A combination of two human neutralizing antibodies prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques. Med [print-electronic]. 2022 Mar 3/11/2022; 3(3): 188-203.e4-203.e4. PMID: 35132398, PMCID: PMC8810411, PII: S2666-6340(22)00039-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.01.004, ISSN: 2666-6340.

Loo YM, McTamney PM, Arends RH, Abram ME, Aksyuk AA, Diallo S, Flores DJ, Kelly EJ, Ren K, Roque R, Rosenthal K, Streicher K, Tuffy KM, Bond NJ, Cornwell O, Bouquet J, Cheng LI, Dunyak J, Huang Y, Rosenbaum AI, Pilla Reddy V, Andersen H, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Kuehne AI, Herbert AS, Dye JM, Bright H, Kallewaard NL, Pangalos MN, Esser MT. The SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody combination, AZD7442, is protective in nonhuman primates and has an extended half-life in humans. Sci Transl Med [print-electronic]. 2022 Mar 3/9/2022; 14(635): eabl8124. PMID: 35076282, PMCID: PMC8939769, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl8124, ISSN: 1946-6242.

Crowe JE, Carnahan RH. Even old foes can learn sweet new tricks. Cell Host Microbe. 2022 Feb 2/9/2022; 30(2): 151-3. PMID: 35143767, PII: S1931-3128(22)00047-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.01.011, ISSN: 1934-6069.

Gilchuk P, Thomsen I, Yoder S, Brady E, Chappell JD, Stevens LJ, Denison MR, Sutton RE, Chen RE, VanBlargan LA, Suryadevara N, Zost SJ, Schmitz J, Pulley JM, Diamond MS, Rhoads JP, Bernard GR, Self WH, Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH. Standardized two-step testing of antibody activity in COVID-19 convalescent plasma. IScience [print-electronic]. 2022 Jan 1/21/2022; 25(1): 103602. PMID: 34901783, PMCID: PMC8653399, PII: S2589-0042(21)01572-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103602, ISSN: 2589-0042.

Gilchuk P, Murin CD, Cross RW, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Kuzmina N, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Geisbert JB, Zost SJ, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Bombardi RG, Carnahan RH, Bukreyev A, Geisbert TW, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Pan-ebolavirus protective therapy by two multifunctional human antibodies. Cell. 2021 Oct 10/28/2021; 184(22): 5593-5607.e18-5607.e18. PMID: 34715022, PMCID: PMC8716180, PII: S0092-8674(21)01165-X, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.035, ISSN: 1097-4172.

Gilchuk IM, Bangaru S, Kose N, Bombardi RG, Trivette A, Li S, Turner HL, Carnahan RH, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Human antibody recognition of H7N9 influenza virus HA following natural infection. JCI Insight. 2021 Oct 10/8/2021; 6(19): PMID: 34437301, PMCID: PMC8525637, PII: e152403, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152403, ISSN: 2379-3708.

Kramer KJ, Johnson NV, Shiakolas AR, Suryadevara N, Periasamy S, Raju N, Williams JK, Wrapp D, Zost SJ, Walker LM, Wall SC, Holt CM, Hsieh CL, Sutton RE, Paulo A, Nargi RS, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A, Carnahan RH, McLellan JS, Georgiev IS. Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern by an antibody with an uncommon genetic signature and structural mode of spike recognition. Cell Rep [print-electronic]. 2021 Oct 10/5/2021; 37(1): 109784. PMID: 34592170, PMCID: PMC8443366, PII: S2211-1247(21)01243-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109784, ISSN: 2211-1247.

Dong J, Zost SJ, Greaney AJ, Starr TN, Dingens AS, Chen EC, Chen RE, Case JB, Sutton RE, Gilchuk P, Rodriguez J, Armstrong E, Gainza C, Nargi RS, Binshtein E, Xie X, Zhang X, Shi PY, Logue J, Weston S, McGrath ME, Frieman MB, Brady T, Tuffy KM, Bright H, Loo YM, McTamney PM, Esser MT, Carnahan RH, Diamond MS, Bloom JD, Crowe JE. Genetic and structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralization by a two-antibody cocktail. Nat Microbiol [print-electronic]. 2021 Oct; 6(10): 1233-44. PMID: 34548634, PMCID: PMC8543371, PII: 10.1038/s41564-021-00972-2, DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00972-2, ISSN: 2058-5276.

Chen EC, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Suryadevara N, Winkler ES, Cabel CR, Binshtein E, Chen RE, Sutton RE, Rodriguez J, Day S, Myers L, Trivette A, Williams JK, Davidson E, Li S, Doranz BJ, Campos SK, Carnahan RH, Thorne CA, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Convergent antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. Cell Rep [print-electronic]. 2021 Aug 8/24/2021; 36(8): 109604. PMID: 34411541, PMCID: PMC8352653, PII: S2211-1247(21)01042-1, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109604, ISSN: 2211-1247.

Williamson LE, Reeder KM, Bailey K, Tran MH, Roy V, Fouch ME, Kose N, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Winkler ES, Kim AS, Gainza C, Rodriguez J, Armstrong E, Sutton RE, Reidy J, Carnahan RH, McDonald WH, Schoeder CT, Klimstra WB, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Alter G, Meiler J, Schey KL, Julander JG, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Therapeutic alphavirus cross-reactive E1 human antibodies inhibit viral egress. Cell. 2021 Aug 8/19/2021; 184(17): 4430-4446.e22-4446.e22. PMID: 34416147, PMCID: PMC8418820, PII: S0092-8674(21)00892-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.033, ISSN: 1097-4172.

Zost SJ, Dong J, Gilchuk IM, Gilchuk P, Thornburg NJ, Bangaru S, Kose N, Finn JA, Bombardi R, Soto C, Chen EC, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Irving RP, Suryadevara N, Westover JB, Carnahan RH, Turner HL, Li S, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Canonical features of human antibodies recognizing the influenza hemagglutinin trimer interface. J Clin Invest. 2021 Aug 8/2/2021; 131(15): PMID: 34156974, PMCID: PMC8321569, PII: e146791, DOI: 10.1172/JCI146791, ISSN: 1558-8238.

Shiakolas AR, Kramer KJ, Wrapp D, Richardson SI, Schäfer A, Wall S, Wang N, Janowska K, Pilewski KA, Venkat R, Parks R, Manamela NP, Raju N, Fechter EF, Holt CM, Suryadevara N, Chen RE, Martinez DR, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Diamond MS, Haynes BF, Acharya P, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Baric RS, Morris L, McLellan JS, Georgiev IS. Cross-reactive coronavirus antibodies with diverse epitope specificities and Fc effector functions. Cell Rep Med [print-electronic]. 2021 Jun 6/15/2021; 2(6): 100313. PMID: 34056628, PMCID: PMC8139315, PII: S2666-3791(21)00156-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100313, ISSN: 2666-3791.

Suryadevara N, Shrihari S, Gilchuk P, VanBlargan LA, Binshtein E, Zost SJ, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Winkler ES, Chen EC, Fouch ME, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Chen RE, Shi PY, Carnahan RH, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Cell [print-electronic]. 2021 Apr 4/29/2021; 184(9): 2316-2331.e15-2331.e15. PMID: 33773105, PMCID: PMC7962591, PII: S0092-8674(21)00357-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.029, ISSN: 1097-4172.

Winkler ES, Gilchuk P, Yu J, Bailey AL, Chen RE, Chong Z, Zost SJ, Jang H, Huang Y, Allen JD, Case JB, Sutton RE, Carnahan RH, Darling TL, Boon ACM, Mack M, Head RD, Ross TM, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Human neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 require intact Fc effector functions for optimal therapeutic protection. Cell [print-electronic]. 2021 Apr 4/1/2021; 184(7): 1804-1820.e16-1820.e16. PMID: 33691139, PMCID: PMC7879018, PII: S0092-8674(21)00176-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.026, ISSN: 1097-4172.

Dagotto G, Mercado NB, Martinez DR, Hou YJ, Nkolola JP, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Baric RS, Barouch DH. Comparison of Subgenomic and Total RNA in SARS-CoV-2 Challenged Rhesus Macaques. J Virol [print-electronic]. 2021 Mar 3/25/2021; 95(8): PMID: 33472939, PMCID: PMC8103707, PII: JVI.02370-20, DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02370-20, ISSN: 1098-5514.

Kurley SJ, Tischler V, Bierie B, Novitskiy SV, Noske A, Varga Z, Zürrer-Härdi U, Brandt S, Carnahan RH, Cook RS, Muller WJ, Richmond A, Reynolds AB. A requirement for p120-catenin in the metastasis of invasive ductal breast cancer. J Cell Sci. 2021 Mar 3/17/2021; 134(6): PMID: 33097605, PMCID: PMC7990862, PII: jcs.250639, DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250639, ISSN: 1477-9137.

Greaney AJ, Starr TN, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Binshtein E, Loes AN, Hilton SK, Huddleston J, Eguia R, Crawford KHD, Dingens AS, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Whelan SPJ, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Bloom JD. Complete Mapping of Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain that Escape Antibody Recognition. Cell Host Microbe [print-electronic]. 2021 Jan 1/13/2021; 29(1): 44-57.e9-57.e9. PMID: 33259788, PMCID: PMC7676316, PII: S1931-3128(20)30624-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.007, ISSN: 1934-6069.

Williamson LE, Gilliland T, Yadav PK, Binshtein E, Bombardi R, Kose N, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Durie CL, Armstrong E, Carnahan RH, Walker LM, Kim AS, Fox JM, Diamond MS, Ohi MD, Klimstra WB, Crowe JE. Human Antibodies Protect against Aerosolized Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection. Cell [print-electronic]. 2020 Dec 12/23/2020; 183(7): 1884-1900.e23-1900.e23. PMID: 33301709, PMCID: PMC7806206, PII: S0092-8674(20)31528-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.011, ISSN: 1097-4172.

Bozhanova NG, Sangha AK, Sevy AM, Gilchuk P, Huang K, Nargi RS, Reidy JX, Trivette A, Carnahan RH, Bukreyev A, Crowe JE, Meiler J. Discovery of Marburg virus neutralizing antibodies from virus-naïve human antibody repertoires using large-scale structural predictions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A [print-electronic]. 2020 Dec 12/8/2020; 117(49): 31142-8. PMID: 33229516, PMCID: PMC7733803, PII: 1922654117, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922654117, ISSN: 1091-6490.

Woodruff MC, Ramonell RP, Nguyen DC, Cashman KS, Saini AS, Haddad NS, Ley AM, Kyu S, Howell JC, Ozturk T, Lee S, Suryadevara N, Case JB, Bugrovsky R, Chen W, Estrada J, Morrison-Porter A, Derrico A, Anam FA, Sharma M, Wu HM, Le SN, Jenks SA, Tipton CM, Staitieh B, Daiss JL, Ghosn E, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Hu WT, Lee FE, Sanz I. Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19. Nat Immunol [print-electronic]. 2020 Dec; 21(12): 1506-16. PMID: 33028979, PMCID: PMC7739702, PII: 10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z, DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z, ISSN: 1529-2916.

Powell LA, Miller A, Fox JM, Kose N, Klose T, Kim AS, Bombardi R, Tennekoon RN, Dharshan de Silva A, Carnahan RH, Diamond MS, Rossmann MG, Kuhn RJ, Crowe JE. Human mAbs Broadly Protect against Arthritogenic Alphaviruses by Recognizing Conserved Elements of the Mxra8 Receptor-Binding Site. Cell Host Microbe [print-electronic]. 2020 Nov 11/11/2020; 28(5): 699-711.e7-711.e7. PMID: 32783883, PMCID: PMC7666055, PII: S1931-3128(20)30404-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.008, ISSN: 1934-6069.

Gilchuk P, Bombardi RG, Erasmus JH, Tan Q, Nargi R, Soto C, Abbink P, Suscovich TJ, Durnell LA, Khandhar A, Archer J, Liang J, Fouch ME, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Jones T, Larson E, Ertel S, Granger B, Fuerte-Stone J, Roy V, Broge T, Linnekin TC, Linde CH, Gorman MJ, Nkolola J, Alter G, Reed SG, Barouch DH, Diamond MS, Crowe JE, Van Hoeven N, Thackray LB, Carnahan RH. Integrated pipeline for the accelerated discovery of antiviral antibody therapeutics. Nat Biomed Eng [print-electronic]. 2020 Nov; 4(11): 1030-43. PMID: 32747832, PMCID: PMC7655621, PII: 10.1038/s41551-020-0594-x, DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0594-x, ISSN: 2157-846X.

Greaney AJ, Starr TN, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Binshtein E, Loes AN, Hilton SK, Huddleston J, Eguia R, Crawford KHD, Dingens AS, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Whelan SPJ, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Bloom JD. Complete mapping of mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape antibody recognition. BioRxiv. 2020 Sep 9/28/2020; PMID: 32935107, PMCID: PMC7491521, PII: 2020.09.10.292078, DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.10.292078, ISSN: 2692-8205.

Erasmus JH, Archer J, Fuerte-Stone J, Khandhar AP, Voigt E, Granger B, Bombardi RG, Govero J, Tan Q, Durnell LA, Coler RN, Diamond MS, Crowe JE, Reed SG, Thackray LB, Carnahan RH, Van Hoeven N. Intramuscular Delivery of Replicon RNA Encoding ZIKV-117 Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects against Zika Virus Infection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020 Sep 9/11/2020; 18: 402-14. PMID: 32695842, PMCID: PMC7363633, PII: S2329-0501(20)30135-2, DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.011, ISSN: 2329-0501.

Zost SJ, Gilchuk P, Chen RE, Case JB, Reidy JX, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Chen EC, Binshtein E, Shrihari S, Ostrowski M, Chu HY, Didier JE, MacRenaris KW, Jones T, Day S, Myers L, Eun-Hyung Lee F, Nguyen DC, Sanz I, Martinez DR, Rothlauf PW, Bloyet LM, Whelan SPJ, Baric RS, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Nat Med [print-electronic]. 2020 Sep; 26(9): 1422-7. PMID: 32651581, PMCID: PMC8194108, PII: 10.1038/s41591-020-0998-x, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0998-x, ISSN: 1546-170X.

Dong J, Gilchuk I, Li S, Irving R, Goff MT, Turner HL, Ward AB, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Anti-influenza H7 human antibody targets antigenic site in hemagglutinin head domain interface. J Clin Invest. 2020 Sep 9/1/2020; 130(9): 4734-9. PMID: 32749241, PMCID: PMC7456233, PII: 136032, DOI: 10.1172/JCI136032, ISSN: 1558-8238.

Zost SJ, Gilchuk P, Case JB, Binshtein E, Chen RE, Nkolola JP, Schäfer A, Reidy JX, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Martinez DR, Williamson LE, Chen EC, Jones T, Day S, Myers L, Hassan AO, Kafai NM, Winkler ES, Fox JM, Shrihari S, Mueller BK, Meiler J, Chandrashekar A, Mercado NB, Steinhardt JJ, Ren K, Loo YM, Kallewaard NL, McCune BT, Keeler SP, Holtzman MJ, Barouch DH, Gralinski LE, Baric RS, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Nature [print-electronic]. 2020 Aug; 584(7821): 443-9. PMID: 32668443, PMCID: PMC7584396, PII: 10.1038/s41586-020-2548-6, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2548-6, ISSN: 1476-4687.

Young E, Carnahan RH, Andrade DV, Kose N, Nargi RS, Fritch EJ, Munt JE, Doyle MP, White L, Baric TJ, Stoops M, DeSilva A, Tse LV, Martinez DR, Zhu D, Metz S, Wong MP, Espinosa DA, Montoya M, Biering SB, Sukulpolvi-Petty S, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Diamond MS, Harris E, Crowe JE, Baric RS. Identification of Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Specific Antigenic Sites Targeted by Neutralizing Human Antibodies. Cell Host Microbe. 2020 May 5/13/2020; 27(5): 710-724.e7. PMID: 32407709, PMCID: PMC7309352, PII: S1931-3128(20)30234-1, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.007, ISSN: 1934-6069.

Powell LA, Fox JM, Kose N, Kim AS, Majedi M, Bombardi R, Carnahan RH, Slaughter JC, Morrison TE, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Human monoclonal antibodies against Ross River virus target epitopes within the E2 protein and protect against disease. PLoS Pathog. 2020 May; 16(5): e1008517. PMID: 32365139, PMCID: PMC7252634, PII: PPATHOGENS-D-19-01537, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008517, ISSN: 1553-7374.

Knudtson KL, Carnahan RH, Hegstad-Davies RL, Fisher NC, Hicks B, Lopez PA, Meyn SM, Mische SM, Weis-Garcia F, White LD, Sol-Church K. Survey on Scientific Shared Resource Rigor and Reproducibility. J Biomol Tech. 2019 Sep; 30(3): 36-44. PMID: 31452645, PMCID: PMC6657953, PII: JBT_2019-3003-001, DOI: 10.7171/jbt.19-3003-001, ISSN: 1943-4731.

Saunders DC, Brissova M, Phillips N, Shrestha S, Walker JT, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Flaherty DK, Weller KP, Pelletier J, Cooper T, Goff MT, Virostko J, Shostak A, Dean ED, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Prasad N, Levy SE, Carnahan RH, Dai C, Sévigny J, Powers AC. Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase-3 Antibody Targets Adult Human Pancreatic ß Cells for In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis. Cell Metab [print-electronic]. 2019 Mar 3/5/2019; 29(3): 745-754.e4. PMID: 30449685, PMCID: PMC6402969, PII: S1550-4131(18)30639-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.007, ISSN: 1932-7420.

Short SP, Kondo J, Smalley-Freed WG, Takeda H, Dohn MR, Powell AE, Carnahan RH, Washington MK, Tripathi M, Payne DM, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Coffey RJ, Reynolds AB. P120-Catenin is an obligate haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in intestinal neoplasia. J Clin Invest [print-electronic]. 2017 Dec 12/1/2017; 127(12): 4462-76. PMID: 29130932, PMCID: PMC5707165, PII: 77217, DOI: 10.1172/JCI77217, ISSN: 1558-8238.

Bird EC, Osheroff N, Pettepher CC, Cutrer WB, Carnahan RH. Using Small Case-Based Learning Groups as a Setting for Teaching Medical Students How to Provide and Receive Peer Feedback. Med Sci Educ [print-electronic]. 2017 Dec; 27(4): 759-65. PMID: 29326856, PMCID: PMC5757314, DOI: 10.1007/s40670-017-0461-x, ISSN: 2156-8650.

Dietrich MH, Ogden KM, Katen SP, Reiss K, Sutherland DM, Carnahan RH, Goff M, Cooper T, Dermody TS, Stehle T. Structural Insights into Reovirus s1 Interactions with Two Neutralizing Antibodies. J Virol [electronic-print]. 2017 Feb 2/15/2017; 91(4): PMID: 27928010, PMCID: PMC5286903, PII: JVI.01621-16, DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01621-16, ISSN: 1098-5514.

Petrie KA, Carnahan RH, Brown AM, Gould KL. Providing Experiential Business and Management Training for Biomedical Research Trainees. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2017; 16(3): PMID: 28798213, PMCID: PMC5589431, PII: 16/3/ar51, DOI: 10.1187/cbe.17-05-0074, ISSN: 1931-7913.

Shaver CM, Grove BS, Putz ND, Clune JK, Lawson WE, Carnahan RH, Mackman N, Ware LB, Bastarache JA. Regulation of alveolar procoagulant activity and permeability in direct acute lung injury by lung epithelial tissue factor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015 Nov; 53(5): 719-27. PMID: 25884207, PMCID: PMC4742948, DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0179OC, ISSN: 1535-4989.

Markham NO, Cooper T, Goff M, Gribben EM, Carnahan RH, Reynolds AB. Monoclonal antibodies to DIPA: a novel binding partner of p120-catenin isoform 1. Hybridoma (Larchmt). 2012 Aug; 31(4): 246-54. PMID: 22894777, PMCID: PMC3420552, DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2012.0009, ISSN: 1557-8348.

Kurley SJ, Bierie B, Carnahan RH, Lobdell NA, Davis MA, Hofmann I, Moses HL, Muller WJ, Reynolds AB. P120-catenin is essential for terminal end bud function and mammary morphogenesis. Development [print-electronic]. 2012 May; 139(10): 1754-64. PMID: 22461563, PMCID: PMC3328177, PII: dev.072769, DOI: 10.1242/dev.072769, ISSN: 1477-9129.

Akingbade D, Kingsley PJ, Shuck SC, Cooper T, Carnahan R, Szekely J, Marnett LJ. Selection of monoclonal antibodies against 6-oxo-M(1)dG and their use in an LC-MS/MS assay for the presence of 6-oxo-M(1)dG in vivo. Chem. Res. Toxicol [print-electronic]. 2012 Feb 2/20/2012; 25(2): 454-61. PMID: 22211372, PMCID: PMC3285145, DOI: 10.1021/tx200494h, ISSN: 1520-5010.

Barrett CW, Smith JJ, Lu LC, Markham N, Stengel KR, Short SP, Zhang B, Hunt AA, Fingleton BM, Carnahan RH, Engel ME, Chen X, Beauchamp RD, Wilson KT, Hiebert SW, Reynolds AB, Williams CS. Kaiso directs the transcriptional corepressor MTG16 to the Kaiso binding site in target promoters. PLoS ONE [print-electronic]. 2012; 7(12): e51205. PMID: 23251453, PMCID: PMC3521008, PII: PONE-D-12-22965, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051205, ISSN: 1932-6203.

Smith AL, Friedman DB, Yu H, Carnahan RH, Reynolds AB. ReCLIP (reversible cross-link immuno-precipitation): an efficient method for interrogation of labile protein complexes. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(1): e16206. PMID: 21283770, PMCID: PMC3024417, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016206, ISSN: 1932-6203.

Carnahan RH, Rokas A, Gaucher EA, Reynolds AB. The molecular evolution of the p120-catenin subfamily and its functional associations. PLoS ONE. 2010; 5(12): e15747. PMID: 21209830, PMCID: PMC3013132, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015747, ISSN: 1932-6203.

Lund L, Dubrowski A, Carnahan H. A modular approach for training urologists in laparoscopy. BJU Int. 2007 Dec; 100(6): 1216-8. PMID: 17979919, PII: BJU7253, DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07253.x, ISSN: 1464-410X.

Wildenberg GA, Dohn MR, Carnahan RH, Davis MA, Lobdell NA, Settleman J, Reynolds AB. P120-catenin and p190RhoGAP regulate cell-cell adhesion by coordinating antagonism between Rac and Rho. Cell. 2006 Dec 12/1/2006; 127(5): 1027-39. PMID: 17129786, PII: S0092-8674(06)01407-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.046, ISSN: 0092-8674.

Xia X, Carnahan RH, Vaughan MH, Wildenberg GA, Reynolds AB. P120 serine and threonine phosphorylation is controlled by multiple ligand-receptor pathways but not cadherin ligation. Exp. Cell Res [print-electronic]. 2006 Oct 10/15/2006; 312(17): 3336-48. PMID: 16935280, PII: S0014-4827(06)00274-6, DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.07.007, ISSN: 0014-4827.

Carnahan RH, Feoktistova A, Ren L, Niessen S, Yates JR, Gould KL. Dim1p is required for efficient splicing and export of mRNA encoding lid1p, a component of the fission yeast anaphase-promoting complex. Eukaryotic Cell. 2005 Mar; 4(3): 577-87. PMID: 15755920, PMCID: PMC1087801, PII: 4/3/577, DOI: 10.1128/EC.4.3.577-587.2005, ISSN: 1535-9778.

Reynolds AB, Carnahan RH. Regulation of cadherin stability and turnover by p120ctn: implications in disease and cancer. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 2004 Dec; 15(6): 657-63. PMID: 15561585, PII: S1084-9521(04)00089-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2004.09.003, ISSN: 1084-9521.

Carnahan RH, Gould KL. The PCH family protein, Cdc15p, recruits two F-actin nucleation pathways to coordinate cytokinetic actin ring formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J. Cell Biol [print-electronic]. 2003 Sep 9/1/2003; 162(5): 851-62. PMID: 12939254, PMCID: PMC2172828, PII: jcb.200305012, DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200305012, ISSN: 0021-9525.

Tasto JJ, Carnahan RH, McDonald WH, Gould KL. Vectors and gene targeting modules for tandem affinity purification in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast. 2001 May; 18(7): 657-62. PMID: 11329175, DOI: 10.1002/yea.713, ISSN: 0749-503X.

Bost AG, Carnahan RH, Lu XT, Denison MR. Four proteins processed from the replicase gene polyprotein of mouse hepatitis virus colocalize in the cell periphery and adjacent to sites of virion assembly. J. Virol. 2000 Apr; 74(7): 3379-87. PMID: 10708455, PMCID: PMC111839, ISSN: 0022-538X.

Zhao G, Yeh WK, Carnahan RH, Flokowitsch J, Meier TI, Alborn WE, Becker GW, Jaskunas SR. Biochemical characterization of penicillin-resistant and -sensitive penicillin-binding protein 2x transpeptidase activities of Streptococcus pneumoniae and mechanistic implications in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. J. Bacteriol. 1997 Aug; 179(15): 4901-8. PMID: 9244281, PMCID: PMC179340, ISSN: 0021-9193.