Faculty Appointments
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
Education
M.D., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VirginiaPh.D., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VirginiaB.S., Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
Research Description
Dr. Alexander’s laboratory is focused on the role of adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease. Current projects are focused on the role of counter-regulatory immune mechanisms in hypertension, including determining the role of novel regulatory T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of hypertension and microvascular dysfunction. We also have active projects on the role of immune checkpoints in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and opportuniteis to participate in collaborative work exploring the link between the autoimmune disease psoriasis and hypertension.
We perform cutting edge basic and translational research integrating vascular biology and immunology using a variety of approaches including molecular biology, physiology, highly dimensional single cell analysis, and human genetics. Our laboratory is also integrated with the translational research infrastructure in the Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Medicine to enable novel studies on human tissues and cells. Ultimately, the goal of Alexander laboratory is to fundamentally advance our understanding of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases to develop new therapies for the benefit of the tremendous number of individuals affected by these conditions.
We perform cutting edge basic and translational research integrating vascular biology and immunology using a variety of approaches including molecular biology, physiology, highly dimensional single cell analysis, and human genetics. Our laboratory is also integrated with the translational research infrastructure in the Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Medicine to enable novel studies on human tissues and cells. Ultimately, the goal of Alexander laboratory is to fundamentally advance our understanding of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases to develop new therapies for the benefit of the tremendous number of individuals affected by these conditions.
Clinical Description
General cardiologist with a focus on advanced hypertension.
Research Keywords
Immunology, hypertension, vascular biology, inflammation, microvasculature
Clinical Research Keywords
General Cardiology, advanced hypertension, microvascular dysfunction.
Publications
Nguyen BA, Alexander MR, Harrison DG. Immune mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol [print-electronic]. 2024 Aug; 20(8): 530-40. PMID: 38658669, PII: 10.1038/s41581-024-00838-w, DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00838-w, ISSN: 1759-507X.
Alexander MR, Peterson NB, Kundu S, Farber-Eger E, Vongpatanasin W, Freiberg MS, Wells QS, Cook PA, Beckman JA. Predictors of blood pressure reductions with a second measurement in individuals with uncontrolled blood pressure in primary care clinics [letter]. Vasc Med [print-electronic]. 2024 Jun 6/11/2024; 1358863X241257140. PMID: 38860448, DOI: 10.1177/1358863X241257140, ISSN: 1477-0377.
Alexander MR, Aday AW, Lewis J, Deyholos CJ, Luther JM. Flow Disturbances: Competing Interests in a Case of Hypertensive Emergency. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2024 Apr; 81(4): 676-81. PMID: 38507508, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22107, ISSN: 1524-4563.
Alexander MR, Harrison DG. Legumain Regulates Regulatory T Cells in Hypertension [editorial]. Circ Res [print-electronic]. 2024 Jan 1/5/2024; 134(1): 30-2. PMID: 38175912, PMCID: PMC10768802, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.324010, ISSN: 1524-4571.
Goodman RS, Patrinely JR, Stone CA, Zimmerman E, Donald RR, Chang SS, Berkowitz ST, Finn AP, Jahangir E, Scoville EA, Reese TS, Friedman DL, Bastarache JA, van der Heijden YF, Wright JJ, Ye F, Carter N, Alexander MR, Choe JH, Chastain CA, Zic JA, Horst SN, Turker I, Agarwal R, Osmundson E, Idrees K, Kiernan CM, Padmanabhan C, Bailey CE, Schlegel CE, Chambless LB, Gibson MK, Osterman TJ, Wheless LE, Johnson DB. Accuracy and Reliability of Chatbot Responses to Physician Questions. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Oct 10/2/2023; 6(10): e2336483. PMID: 37782499, PMCID: PMC10546234, PII: 2809975, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36483, ISSN: 2574-3805.
Fehrenbach DJ, Nguyen B, Alexander MR, Madhur MS. Modulating T Cell Phenotype and Function to Treat Hypertension. Kidney360 [print-electronic]. 2023 Apr 4/1/2023; 4(4): e534-e543-e543. PMID: 36951464, PMCID: PMC10278787, PII: 02200512-202304000-00018, DOI: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000090, ISSN: 2641-7650.
Turker I, Sharma A, Huang S, Johnson DB, Alexander MR. Combination Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy is Associated With Increased Blood Pressure in Melanoma Patients [letter]. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2023 Mar; 80(3): e43-e45-e45. PMID: 36398660, PMCID: PMC9931662, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20407, ISSN: 1524-4563.
Alexander MR, Dale BL, Smart CD, Elijovich F, Wogsland CE, Lima SM, Irish JM, Madhur MS. Immune Profiling Reveals Decreases in Circulating Regulatory and Exhausted T Cells in Human Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2023 Mar; 8(3): 319-36. PMID: 37034287, PMCID: PMC10077123, PII: S2452-302X(22)00365-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.09.007, ISSN: 2452-302X.
Alexander MR, Hank S, Dale BL, Himmel L, Zhong X, Smart CD, Fehrenbach DJ, Chen Y, Prabakaran N, Tirado B, Centrella M, Ao M, Du L, Shyr Y, Levy D, Madhur MS. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SH2B3/LNK Promotes Hypertension Development and Renal Damage. Circ Res [print-electronic]. 2022 Oct 10/14/2022; 131(9): 731-47. PMID: 36169218, PMCID: PMC9588739, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.320625, ISSN: 1524-4571.
Madhur MS, Elijovich F, Alexander MR, Pitzer A, Ishimwe J, Van Beusecum JP, Patrick DM, Smart CD, Kleyman TR, Kingery J, Peck RN, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Hypertension: Do Inflammation and Immunity Hold the Key to Solving this Epidemic?. Circ Res [print-electronic]. 2021 Apr 4/2/2021; 128(7): 908-33. PMID: 33793336, PMCID: PMC8023750, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318052, ISSN: 1524-4571.
Chen Y, Dale BL, Alexander MR, Xiao L, Ao M, Pandey AK, Smart CD, Davis GK, Madhur MS. Class switching and high-affinity immunoglobulin G production by B cells is dispensable for the development of hypertension in mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2021 Mar 3/21/2021; 117(4): 1217-28. PMID: 32609312, PMCID: PMC7983008, PII: 5865856, DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa187, ISSN: 1755-3245.
Alexander MR, Schoeder CT, Brown JA, Smart CD, Moth C, Wikswo JP, Capra JA, Meiler J, Chen W, Madhur MS. Predicting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection based on structural differences in ACE2 across species. FASEB J [print-electronic]. 2020 Dec; 34(12): 15946-60. PMID: 33015868, PMCID: PMC7675292, DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001808R, ISSN: 1530-6860.
Alexander MR, Norlander AE, Elijovich F, Atreya RV, Gaye A, Gnecco JS, Laffer CL, Galindo CL, Madhur MS. Human monocyte transcriptional profiling identifies IL-18 receptor accessory protein and lactoferrin as novel immune targets in hypertension. Br J Pharmacol [print-electronic]. 2019 Jun; 176(12): 2015-27. PMID: 29774543, PMCID: PMC6534784, DOI: 10.1111/bph.14364, ISSN: 1476-5381.
Dale BL, Pandey AK, Chen Y, Smart CD, Laroumanie F, Ao M, Xiao L, Dikalova AE, Dikalov SI, Elijovich F, Foss JD, Barbaro NR, Van Beusecum JP, Deger SM, Alsouqi A, Itani HA, Norlander AE, Alexander MR, Zhao S, Ikizler TA, Algood HMS, Madhur MS. Critical role of Interleukin 21 and T follicular helper cells in hypertension and vascular dysfunction. JCI Insight. 2019 Apr 4/23/2019; 5: PMID: 31013256, PMCID: PMC6629096, PII: 129278, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129278, ISSN: 2379-3708.
Laroumanie F, Korneva A, Bersi MR, Alexander MR, Xiao L, Zhong X, Van Beusecum JP, Chen Y, Saleh MA, McMaster WG, Gavulic KA, Dale BL, Zhao S, Guo Y, Shyr Y, Perrien DS, Cox NJ, Curci JA, Humphrey JD, Madhur MS. LNK deficiency promotes acute aortic dissection and rupture. JCI Insight. 2018 Oct 10/18/2018; 3(20): PMID: 30333305, PMCID: PMC6237478, PII: 122558, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122558, ISSN: 2379-3708.
Johnson DB, Balko JM, Compton ML, Chalkias S, Gorham J, Xu Y, Hicks M, Puzanov I, Alexander MR, Bloomer TL, Becker JR, Slosky DA, Phillips EJ, Pilkinton MA, Craig-Owens L, Kola N, Plautz G, Reshef DS, Deutsch JS, Deering RP, Olenchock BA, Lichtman AH, Roden DM, Seidman CE, Koralnik IJ, Seidman JG, Hoffman RD, Taube JM, Diaz LA, Anders RA, Sosman JA, Moslehi JJ. Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 11/3/2016; 375(18): 1749-55. PMID: 27806233, PMCID: PMC5247797, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1609214, ISSN: 1533-4406.
Alexander MR, Peterson NB, Kundu S, Farber-Eger E, Vongpatanasin W, Freiberg MS, Wells QS, Cook PA, Beckman JA. Predictors of blood pressure reductions with a second measurement in individuals with uncontrolled blood pressure in primary care clinics [letter]. Vasc Med [print-electronic]. 2024 Jun 6/11/2024; 1358863X241257140. PMID: 38860448, DOI: 10.1177/1358863X241257140, ISSN: 1477-0377.
Alexander MR, Aday AW, Lewis J, Deyholos CJ, Luther JM. Flow Disturbances: Competing Interests in a Case of Hypertensive Emergency. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2024 Apr; 81(4): 676-81. PMID: 38507508, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22107, ISSN: 1524-4563.
Alexander MR, Harrison DG. Legumain Regulates Regulatory T Cells in Hypertension [editorial]. Circ Res [print-electronic]. 2024 Jan 1/5/2024; 134(1): 30-2. PMID: 38175912, PMCID: PMC10768802, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.324010, ISSN: 1524-4571.
Goodman RS, Patrinely JR, Stone CA, Zimmerman E, Donald RR, Chang SS, Berkowitz ST, Finn AP, Jahangir E, Scoville EA, Reese TS, Friedman DL, Bastarache JA, van der Heijden YF, Wright JJ, Ye F, Carter N, Alexander MR, Choe JH, Chastain CA, Zic JA, Horst SN, Turker I, Agarwal R, Osmundson E, Idrees K, Kiernan CM, Padmanabhan C, Bailey CE, Schlegel CE, Chambless LB, Gibson MK, Osterman TJ, Wheless LE, Johnson DB. Accuracy and Reliability of Chatbot Responses to Physician Questions. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Oct 10/2/2023; 6(10): e2336483. PMID: 37782499, PMCID: PMC10546234, PII: 2809975, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36483, ISSN: 2574-3805.
Fehrenbach DJ, Nguyen B, Alexander MR, Madhur MS. Modulating T Cell Phenotype and Function to Treat Hypertension. Kidney360 [print-electronic]. 2023 Apr 4/1/2023; 4(4): e534-e543-e543. PMID: 36951464, PMCID: PMC10278787, PII: 02200512-202304000-00018, DOI: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000090, ISSN: 2641-7650.
Turker I, Sharma A, Huang S, Johnson DB, Alexander MR. Combination Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy is Associated With Increased Blood Pressure in Melanoma Patients [letter]. Hypertension [print-electronic]. 2023 Mar; 80(3): e43-e45-e45. PMID: 36398660, PMCID: PMC9931662, DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20407, ISSN: 1524-4563.
Alexander MR, Dale BL, Smart CD, Elijovich F, Wogsland CE, Lima SM, Irish JM, Madhur MS. Immune Profiling Reveals Decreases in Circulating Regulatory and Exhausted T Cells in Human Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2023 Mar; 8(3): 319-36. PMID: 37034287, PMCID: PMC10077123, PII: S2452-302X(22)00365-5, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.09.007, ISSN: 2452-302X.
Alexander MR, Hank S, Dale BL, Himmel L, Zhong X, Smart CD, Fehrenbach DJ, Chen Y, Prabakaran N, Tirado B, Centrella M, Ao M, Du L, Shyr Y, Levy D, Madhur MS. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SH2B3/LNK Promotes Hypertension Development and Renal Damage. Circ Res [print-electronic]. 2022 Oct 10/14/2022; 131(9): 731-47. PMID: 36169218, PMCID: PMC9588739, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.320625, ISSN: 1524-4571.
Madhur MS, Elijovich F, Alexander MR, Pitzer A, Ishimwe J, Van Beusecum JP, Patrick DM, Smart CD, Kleyman TR, Kingery J, Peck RN, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Hypertension: Do Inflammation and Immunity Hold the Key to Solving this Epidemic?. Circ Res [print-electronic]. 2021 Apr 4/2/2021; 128(7): 908-33. PMID: 33793336, PMCID: PMC8023750, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318052, ISSN: 1524-4571.
Chen Y, Dale BL, Alexander MR, Xiao L, Ao M, Pandey AK, Smart CD, Davis GK, Madhur MS. Class switching and high-affinity immunoglobulin G production by B cells is dispensable for the development of hypertension in mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2021 Mar 3/21/2021; 117(4): 1217-28. PMID: 32609312, PMCID: PMC7983008, PII: 5865856, DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa187, ISSN: 1755-3245.
Alexander MR, Schoeder CT, Brown JA, Smart CD, Moth C, Wikswo JP, Capra JA, Meiler J, Chen W, Madhur MS. Predicting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection based on structural differences in ACE2 across species. FASEB J [print-electronic]. 2020 Dec; 34(12): 15946-60. PMID: 33015868, PMCID: PMC7675292, DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001808R, ISSN: 1530-6860.
Alexander MR, Norlander AE, Elijovich F, Atreya RV, Gaye A, Gnecco JS, Laffer CL, Galindo CL, Madhur MS. Human monocyte transcriptional profiling identifies IL-18 receptor accessory protein and lactoferrin as novel immune targets in hypertension. Br J Pharmacol [print-electronic]. 2019 Jun; 176(12): 2015-27. PMID: 29774543, PMCID: PMC6534784, DOI: 10.1111/bph.14364, ISSN: 1476-5381.
Dale BL, Pandey AK, Chen Y, Smart CD, Laroumanie F, Ao M, Xiao L, Dikalova AE, Dikalov SI, Elijovich F, Foss JD, Barbaro NR, Van Beusecum JP, Deger SM, Alsouqi A, Itani HA, Norlander AE, Alexander MR, Zhao S, Ikizler TA, Algood HMS, Madhur MS. Critical role of Interleukin 21 and T follicular helper cells in hypertension and vascular dysfunction. JCI Insight. 2019 Apr 4/23/2019; 5: PMID: 31013256, PMCID: PMC6629096, PII: 129278, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129278, ISSN: 2379-3708.
Laroumanie F, Korneva A, Bersi MR, Alexander MR, Xiao L, Zhong X, Van Beusecum JP, Chen Y, Saleh MA, McMaster WG, Gavulic KA, Dale BL, Zhao S, Guo Y, Shyr Y, Perrien DS, Cox NJ, Curci JA, Humphrey JD, Madhur MS. LNK deficiency promotes acute aortic dissection and rupture. JCI Insight. 2018 Oct 10/18/2018; 3(20): PMID: 30333305, PMCID: PMC6237478, PII: 122558, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122558, ISSN: 2379-3708.
Johnson DB, Balko JM, Compton ML, Chalkias S, Gorham J, Xu Y, Hicks M, Puzanov I, Alexander MR, Bloomer TL, Becker JR, Slosky DA, Phillips EJ, Pilkinton MA, Craig-Owens L, Kola N, Plautz G, Reshef DS, Deutsch JS, Deering RP, Olenchock BA, Lichtman AH, Roden DM, Seidman CE, Koralnik IJ, Seidman JG, Hoffman RD, Taube JM, Diaz LA, Anders RA, Sosman JA, Moslehi JJ. Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 11/3/2016; 375(18): 1749-55. PMID: 27806233, PMCID: PMC5247797, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1609214, ISSN: 1533-4406.